Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport,European Journal of Immunology

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Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport
European Journal of Immunology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149383
Emily M Flowers ₁ , Harold R Neely ₂ , Jacqueline Guo ₁ , Tereza Almeida ₁ , Yuko Ohta ₁ , Caitlin D Castro ₃ , Martin F Flajnik ₁

Affiliation

The polyimmunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytoses J chain-containing antibodies through mucosal epithelia. In mammals, two cis-duplicates of PIGR, FCMR, and FCAMR, flank the PIGR gene. A PIGR duplication is first found in amphibians, previously annotated as PIGR2 (herein xlFCAMR), and is expressed by APCs. We demonstrate that xlFcamR is the equivalent of mammalian FcamR. It has been assumed that pIgR is the oldest member of this family, yet our data could not distinguish whether PIGR or FCAMR emerged first; however, FCMR was the last family member to emerge. Interestingly, bony fish “pIgR” is not an orthologue of tetrapod pIgR, and possibly acquired its function via convergent evolution. PIGR/FCAMR/FCMR are members of a larger superfamily, including TREM, CD300, and NKp44, which we name the “double-disulfide Ig superfamily” (ddIgSF). Domains related to each ddIgSF family were identified in cartilaginous fish (sharks, chimeras) and encoded in a single gene cluster syntenic to the human pIgR locus. Thus, the ddIgSF families date back to the earliest antibody-based adaptive immunity, but apparently not before. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the J chain arose in evolution only for Ig multimerization. This study provides a framework for further studies of pIgR and the ddIgSF in vertebrates.

中文翻译：

非洲爪蟾中 Fc-α/mu 受体的鉴定提供了对聚 Ig 受体 (pIgR) 和粘膜 Ig 转运出现的洞察

多免疫球蛋白受体 (pIgR) 通过黏膜上皮细胞转运含 J 链的抗体。在哺乳动物中，PIGR、FCMR和FCAMR 的两个顺式重复位于PIGR基因的两侧。甲PIGR复制首先在两栖动物，先前注释为发现PIGR2（本文xlFCAMR），并且被APC表达。我们证明 xlFcamR 相当于哺乳动物 FcamR。已经假设 pIgR 是这个家族中最古老的成员，但我们的数据无法区分是PIGR还是FCAMR首先出现；然而，FCMR是最后一个出现的家庭成员。有趣的是，硬骨鱼“pIgR”不是四足动物 pIgR 的直系同源物，并且可能通过趋同进化获得了它的功能。PIGR/FCAMR/FCMR 是更大的超家族成员，包括TREM、CD300和NKp44，我们将其命名为“双二硫化物 Ig 超家族”（ddIgSF）。在软骨鱼（鲨鱼、嵌合体）中鉴定出与每个 ddIgSF 家族相关的域，并在与人类 pIgR 基因座同线的单个基因簇中编码。因此，ddIgSF 家族可以追溯到最早的基于抗体的适应性免疫，但显然不是之前。最后，我们的数据强烈表明 J 链仅在 Ig 多聚化的进化中出现。这项研究为进一步研究脊椎动物中的 pIgR 和 ddIgSF 提供了一个框架。

更新日期：2021-08-19

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