Highway fast-charging (HFC) stations for electric vehicles (EVs) are necessary to address range anxiety concerns and thus to support economy-wide decarbonization goals. The characteristics of HFC electricity demand – its relative inflexibility, high power requirements, and spatial concentration – have the potential to adversely impact grid operations as HFC infrastructure expands. Here, we investigate the impacts of scaled-up HFC infrastructure using an operations model of the 2033 Texas power grid with uniquely high spatial and temporal resolution. In the reference EV penetration case corresponding to 3 million passenger EVs on the road, we find that grid-HFC interactions increase system annual operational costs by 8%, or nearly $2 per MWh of load served. Greater impacts are observed for higher EV penetration cases. The high spatial resolution of the analysis reveals that the majority of increased costs can be attributed to transmission congestion on feeder lines serving a minority of HFC stations. Four-hour battery energy storage is shown to be more effective than demand flexibility as mitigation, due to the long duration of peak charging demand anticipated at HFC stations. Transmission network upgrades can also effectively mitigate grid-HFC interactions. Choosing the most effective mitigation strategy for each station requires a tailored approach.

电动汽车 (EV) 的高速公路快速充电 (HFC) 站对于解决里程焦虑问题是必要的，从而支持经济范围内的脱碳目标。随着 HFC 基础设施的扩展，HFC 电力需求的特点——其相对不灵活、高电力要求和空间集中——有可能对电网运营产生不利影响。在这里，我们使用具有独特高空间和时间分辨率的 2033 德克萨斯州电网的运营模型来研究扩大 HFC 基础设施的影响。在与道路上 300 万辆乘用电动汽车相对应的参考电动汽车普及案例中，我们发现电网-HFC 交互使系统年度运营成本增加了 8%，即每 MWh 负载增加近 2 美元。对于更高的电动汽车普及率，观察到更大的影响。分析的高空间分辨率表明，大部分增加的成本可归因于服务于少数 HFC 站的馈线的传输拥塞。由于 HFC 站预计的高峰充电需求持续时间很长，因此四小时电池储能比作为缓解措施的需求灵活性更有效。输电网络升级还可以有效缓解电网与 HFC 之间的相互作用。为每个站点选择最有效的缓解策略需要量身定制的方法。由于预计 HFC 站的高峰充电需求持续时间很长。输电网络升级还可以有效缓解电网与 HFC 的相互作用。为每个站点选择最有效的缓解策略需要量身定制的方法。由于预计 HFC 站的高峰充电需求持续时间很长。输电网络升级还可以有效缓解电网与 HFC 的相互作用。为每个站点选择最有效的缓解策略需要量身定制的方法。