Phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) have great potential in energy, information, biomedicine, and other fields because of their long lifetime, long wavelength emission, and low background interference. However, there are still some challenges in their preparation and understanding their luminescence mechanism. For example, their triplet states are easily affected by the external environment, which leads to phosphorescence quenching. The phosphorescence mechanism and the effects of element doping, rigidity of structure, and conjugated structure on their properties are reviewed to address these issues. The synthesis methods include one step and two step methods. The uses of phosphorescent CDs are summarized and include information security, light emitting diodes, ion detection, and biological imaging. The existing problems are discussed and development directions are proposed.

磷光碳点（CDs）由于其寿命长、发射波长长、背景干扰小等优点，在能源、信息、生物医学等领域具有巨大的潜力。然而，它们的制备和理解它们的发光机制仍然存在一些挑战。例如，它们的三重态容易受到外部环境的影响，从而导致磷光猝灭。综述了磷光机制以及元素掺杂、结构刚度和共轭结构对其性质的影响，以解决这些问题。合成方法包括一步法和两步法。总结了磷光 CD 的用途，包括信息安全、发光二极管、离子检测和生物成像。