Graphene (Gr) is a monolayer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and has derivatives of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Gr is widely used in various fields for its good optics, conductivity, mechanical properties, low toxicity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and stability. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have similar properties to Gr, and all three materials have advantages and disadvantages and are often not used alone but are composited with other materials to improve their properties for a particular application. From the perspectives of the toxicity and antibacterial properties of Gr and its derivatives, this paper reviews their uses in treating skin wounds and tumours, promoting the regeneration of skeletal muscle and bone, and facilitating drug loading and diagnosis. The problems associated with these applications are analyzed and solutions are suggested. Future research and development prospects for Gr-based materials are presented.

石墨烯（Gr）是二维蜂窝晶格中的单层碳原子，具有氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的衍生物。Gr以其良好的光学、导电、机械性能、低毒、抗菌性能、生物相容性和稳定性而被广泛应用于各个领域。氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯具有与 Gr 相似的特性，并且这三种材料各有优缺点，通常不单独使用，而是与其他材料复合以改善其特定应用的性能。本文从Gr及其衍生物的毒性和抗菌特性的角度，综述了它们在治疗皮肤伤口和肿瘤、促进骨骼肌和骨骼的再生、促进载药和诊断等方面的应用。分析了与这些应用程序相关的问题并提出了解决方案。介绍了 Gr 基材料的未来研究和发展前景。