Smart material actuators (SMAs) can provide motion with high resolution and high bandwidth, but the output stroke is relatively small. Therefore, motion amplification mechanisms for SMAs have drawn considerable attentions in recent years. However, most of existing mechanisms realize the motion amplification at the expense of working bandwidth. To achieve large stroke and high bandwidth simultaneously, a novel two-dimensional stacked magnetostrictive actuator (TSMA) was developed and tested by adopting the magnetostrictive material, i.e., the Terfenol-D in this article. The U-shaped sleeves were employed to support the axial and radial two-dimensional stacking of three Terfenol-D rods. Then, an analytical model was established based on working principle of the TSMA, and a design of experiment analysis was carried out for the sensitivity study of the TSMA's key structural parameters. Next, the involved parameters of the established analytical model were obtained via system identification. Furthermore, several experimental tests of a fabricated prototype for the TSMA were carried out. The results show that the stroke of the proposed TSMA can reach 65 $\mu$ m. The displacement amplification ratio is achieved as 2.8 and the working bandwidth is kept as 500 Hz. This proves that the proposed structure can significantly increase the displacement with a little loss of bandwidth. Finally, a set of preliminary closed-loop tests using a traditional incremental proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) control were carried out to improve the motion precision. The closed-loop tracking results of 10–100 Hz sinusoid references show that the root-mean-square errors are less than 4 $\%$ using a simple PID control alone.

中文翻译：

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一种高带宽大行程二维堆叠式Terfenol-D执行器的研制与试验

智能材料执行器 (SMA) 可以提供高分辨率和高带宽的运动，但输出行程相对较小。因此，近年来 SMA 的运动放大机制引起了相当大的关注。然而，大多数现有机制以牺牲工作带宽为代价来实现运动放大。为了同时实现大行程和高带宽，本文采用磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D开发并测试了一种新型二维堆叠磁致伸缩执行器（TSMA）。U 形套筒用于支撑三个 Terfenol-D 棒的轴向和径向二维堆叠。然后，基于TSMA的工作原理建立了分析模型，并对TSMA关键结构参数的敏感性研究进行了实验分析设计。接着，通过系统辨识得到所建立的分析模型的涉及参数。此外，还对制造的 TSMA 原型进行了多次实验测试。结果表明，所提出的 TSMA 的行程可以达到 65$\mu$米。位移放大比达到2.8，工作带宽保持在500Hz。这证明所提出的结构可以在带宽损失很小的情况下显着增加位移。最后，使用传统的增量比例积分微分 (PID) 控制进行了一组初步闭环测试，以提高运动精度。10-100 Hz 正弦参考的闭环跟踪结果表明均方根误差小于 4 $\%$ 单独使用简单的PID控制。