Insulation systems of electrical apparatus (fluid and solid) include transformer oil, insulating paper, glass, ceramic, mica and rubber. Normally, they are designed well to be stable at high temperatures and provide excellent electrical insulating properties in different operating loads. There is an increasing demand to modify the effectiveness and capabilities of these insulation systems to overcome various issues (e.g., overheating, overloading and short circuits). Moreover, they should match the new high voltage insulation requirements, safety, ultra-high voltage, and being environmentally friendly are some of them. Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising compensator materials that can be used to develop insulation systems with good thermophysical and dielectric properties. The results of many studies show marvelous enhancements in electrical and thermal properties. In this paper, the authors present a review that focuses on different NPs that are used in several aspects of insulation systems to improve the dielectric as well as the heat transfer properties of high voltage insulation applications. The review covers NPs types, the preparation methods, analysis approaches, different properties, performances and results, challenges, and the limitation of the use of NPs.

中文翻译：

---

纳米粒子在高压绝缘系统中的应用


电气设备（液体和固体）的绝缘系统包括变压器油、绝缘纸、玻璃、陶瓷、云母和橡胶。通常，它们经过精心设计，在高温下保持稳定，并在不同的工作负载下提供出色的电绝缘性能。人们越来越需要改进这些绝缘系统的有效性和能力，以克服各种问题（例如过热、过载和短路）。此外，还应符合新的高压绝缘要求，安全、超高压、环保等。纳米颗粒（NP）是一种很有前途的补偿材料，可用于开发具有良好热物理和介电性能的绝缘系统。许多研究结果表明电性能和热性能得到了惊人的增强。在本文中，作者发表了一篇综述，重点关注用于绝缘系统多个方面的不同纳米颗粒，以改善高压绝缘应用的介电性能和传热性能。综述涵盖了纳米颗粒的类型、制备方法、分析方法、不同的性质、性能和结果、挑战以及纳米颗粒使用的限制。