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Acoustic monitoring shows invasive beavers Castor canadensis increase patch-level avian diversity in Tierra del Fuego
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13999 Dante Francomano 1, 2 , Alejandro E. J. Valenzuela 3, 4 , Benjamin L. Gottesman 1, 2 , Alvaro González‐Calderón 5 , Christopher B. Anderson 3, 5 , Brady S. Hardiman 2, 6 , Bryan C. Pijanowski 1, 2
中文翻译：
声学监测显示入侵的海狸加拿大蓖麻增加了火地岛的斑块级鸟类多样性
更新日期：2021-08-19
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13999 Dante Francomano 1, 2 , Alejandro E. J. Valenzuela 3, 4 , Benjamin L. Gottesman 1, 2 , Alvaro González‐Calderón 5 , Christopher B. Anderson 3, 5 , Brady S. Hardiman 2, 6 , Bryan C. Pijanowski 1, 2
Affiliation
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- The North American beaver Castor canadensis is an invasive species in the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. Due to this biological invasion, Argentina and Chile signed an agreement to restore affected ecosystems by eradicating beavers. In southern Patagonia, the beavers’ ecological impacts are well studied, but there is a relative lack of information on how their invasion (and potential removal) could affect bird communities.
- In the southern portion of Tierra del Fuego's ‘big island’ (Isla Grande), we conducted passive acoustic monitoring and avian point counts in intact riparian forests, beaver ponds and beaver meadows (i.e. drained ponds) to assess spatial and seasonal differences in acoustic activity and avian abundance, species diversity and functional diversity.
- During spring and summer, acoustic activity was significantly higher in meadows than in forests, with ponds exhibiting intermediate values.
- Abundance and species diversity exhibited similar patterns, driven largely by resident passerines, while functional diversity tended to be highest in ponds, largely due to ducks and raptors. Effects were weaker in fall and winter.
- Acoustic metrics exhibited moderate to strong correlations with all point-count-derived metrics.
- Synthesis and applications. At the patch level, the avian community was more abundant and diverse in beaver-modified habitats than in intact riparian forests, though communities in modified patches may not differ substantially from those in analogous natural open and wetland habitats. Dam breaching and pond drainage did not yield a return to an intact forest bird community, indicating that active reforestation may be necessary to restore avian communities to pre-beaver conditions in the short to medium term, as sought by the binational agreement. Given the immense challenges of eradication and restoration, its social-ecological costs and benefits—including those related to avifauna—should be thoroughly considered in establishing goals or indicators of success.
中文翻译：
声学监测显示入侵的海狸加拿大蓖麻增加了火地岛的斑块级鸟类多样性
- 北美海狸Castor canadensis是火地岛群岛的入侵物种。由于这次生物入侵，阿根廷和智利签署了一项协议，通过消灭海狸来恢复受影响的生态系统。在巴塔哥尼亚南部，海狸的生态影响得到了很好的研究，但相对缺乏关于它们的入侵（和可能的清除）如何影响鸟类群落的信息。
- 在火地岛“大岛”（格兰德岛）的南部，我们在完整的河岸森林、海狸池塘和海狸草甸（即排水池塘）中进行了被动声学监测和鸟类点计数，以评估声学活动的空间和季节差异和鸟类丰度、物种多样性和功能多样性。
- 在春季和夏季，草地的声学活动明显高于森林，池塘表现出中间值。
- 丰度和物种多样性表现出相似的模式，主要由常驻雀类驱动，而功能多样性在池塘中往往最高，主要是由于鸭子和猛禽。秋季和冬季效果较弱。
- 声学指标与所有基于点数的指标均表现出中等至强相关性。
- 合成与应用。在斑块水平上，海狸改造栖息地的鸟类群落比完整河岸森林中的鸟类群落更加丰富多样，尽管改造斑块中的群落可能与类似的自然开放和湿地栖息地中的群落没有显着差异。大坝溃坝和池塘排水并未恢复完整的森林鸟类群落，这表明可能需要积极的重新造林，以在中短期内将鸟类群落恢复到海狸前的状态，正如两国协议所寻求的那样。鉴于根除和恢复的巨大挑战，在制定目标或成功指标时应彻底考虑其社会生态成本和收益——包括与鸟类相关的成本和收益。
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