Agrivoltaic (AV) systems integrate the production of agricultural crops and electric power on the same land area through the installation of solar panels several meters above the soil surface. It has been demonstrated that AV can increase land productivity and contribute to the expansion of renewable energy production. Its utilization is expected to affect crop production by altering microclimatic conditions but has so far hardly been investigated. The present study aimed to determine for the first time how changes in microclimatic conditions through AV affect selected agricultural crops within an organic crop rotation. For this purpose, an AV research plant was installed near Lake Constance in south-west Germany in 2016. A field experiment was established with four crops (celeriac, winter wheat, potato and grass-clover) cultivated both underneath the AV system and on an adjacent reference site without solar panels. Microclimatic parameters, crop development and harvestable yields were monitored in 2017 and 2018. Overall, an alteration in microclimatic conditions and crop production under AV was confirmed. Photosynthetic active radiation was on average reduced by about 30% under AV. During summertime, soil temperature was decreased under AV in both years. Furthermore, reduced soil moisture and air temperatures as well as an altered rain distribution have been found under AV. In both years, plant height of all crops was increased under AV. In 2017 and 2018, yield ranges of the crops cultivated under AV compared to the reference site were −19 to +3% for winter wheat, −20 to +11% for potato and −8 to −5% for grass-clover. In the hot, dry summer 2018, crop yields of winter wheat and potato were increased by AV by 2.7% and 11%, respectively. These findings show that yield reductions under AV are likely, but under hot and dry weather conditions, growing conditions can become favorable.

Agrivoltaic (AV) 系统通过在土壤表面上方几米处安装太阳能电池板，在同一土地面积上整合农作物和电力的生产。已经证明 AV 可以提高土地生产力并有助于扩大可再生能源生产。它的利用预计会通过改变小气候条件来影响作物生产，但迄今为止几乎没有研究。本研究旨在首次确定小气候条件的变化如何通过 AV 影响有机作物轮作中选定的农作物。为此，2016 年在德国西南部康斯坦茨湖附近安装了一个 AV 研究工厂。 对四种作物（芹菜、冬小麦、马铃薯和三叶草）在 AV 系统下方和没有太阳能电池板的相邻参考地点种植。2017 年和 2018 年监测了小气候参数、作物发育和可收获产量。总体而言，确认了 AV 下小气候条件和作物产量的改变。在 AV 下，光合有效辐射平均减少了约 30%。在夏季，这两年土壤温度在 AV 下均有所下降。此外，在 AV 下发现土壤湿度和空气温度降低以及降雨分布改变。在这两年中，所有作物的株高均在 AV 下增加。在 2017 年和 2018 年，与参考地点相比，在 AV 下种植的作物的产量范围为：冬小麦 -19% 至 +3%，马铃薯 -20% 至 +11% 和草三叶草 -8% 至 -5%。炎热中，2018 年干燥的夏季，冬小麦和马铃薯的作物产量分别增加了 2.7% 和 11%。这些发现表明，AV 下的产量可能会降低，但在炎热干燥的天气条件下，生长条件可能会变得有利。