Thyme (Thymus spp.) is a valuable genus of Lamiaceae family presents a wide range of functional possibilities in the cosmetic, pharmacy, and food industries. T. daenensis and T. pubescens are thymol and carvacrol rich species growing in Iran. The aim of this study was to compare the macro- and micro-morphological, cytogenetical, and biochemical traits present in hermaphrodites and females of T. daenensis and T. pubescens. The analyses were performed by light microscopy (LM) to be compatible with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) loading plot was carried out using the original numerical data of quantitative characters (e.g., morphological, functional, and life-history traits). Results of gynodioecy analysis showed that the distribution of females in T. daenensis (58.33%) was significantly more than T. pubescens (9.1%). Peltate and capitate glandular trichomes (PGTs and CGTs, respectively) existed in both hermaphrodites and females of T. daenensis and T. pubescens. The size of PGTs in hermaphrodites was significantly larger than these GTs in females. The highest level of thymol and carvacrol was observed in both sexes of T. daenensis and T. pubescens, respectively. The results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination showed separation of hermaphrodite and female types according to essential oil (EO) components. Based on the flow cytometric analysis, the obtained histograms confirmed that T. pubescens and T. daenensis were diploid and tetraploid, respectively. Variation among species and environmental/geographical factors result is differences in the content of thymol and carvacrol in various Thymus species which should be taken into consideration when applying these plants as therapeutic products.

百里香( Thymus spp.) 是唇形科的一个有价值的属，在化妆品、制药和食品工业中具有广泛的功能可能性。T. daenensis和T. pubescens是生长在伊朗的富含百里酚和香芹酚的物种。本研究的目的是比较在雌雄同体和雌性大树和毛毛中存在的宏观和微观形态学、细胞遗传学和生化特征。通过光学显微镜 (LM) 进行分析，以与扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 兼容。主成分分析 (PCA) 载荷图是使用数量性状（例如，形态、功能和生活史特征）的原始数值数据进行的。gynodioecy分析的结果表明，雌性中的分布T. daenensis（58.33％）显显著超过T.毛（9.1％） 。T. daenensis和T. pubescens 的雌雄同体和雌性都存在盾状和头状腺毛（分别为 PGT 和 CGT）. 雌雄同体中 PGT 的大小明显大于雌性中的这些 GT。分别在T. daenensis和T. pubescens 的两性中观察到百里酚和香芹酚的最高水平。非度量多维标度 (NMDS) 排序的结果表明，根据精油 (EO) 成分，雌雄同体和雌性类型分离。基于流式细胞分析，所获得的直方图证实，T.毛和T. daenensis分别为二倍体和四倍体。物种和环境/地理因素之间的差异导致各种胸腺中百里酚和香芹酚的含量存在差异 将这些植物用作治疗产品时应考虑的物种。