Background The joint effects of sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and race on hypertension have not been fully addressed. Herein, we carried out this study aiming to investigate the possible effects of the interaction of sex, age, BMI and race on risk of hypertension. Methods By using the data of a sample-adjusted 2656 women and 2515 men in American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–16, we analyzed the interaction of sex, age, BMI and race by logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg/diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication. Results A total of 5171 participants were included in analysis, and the prevalence of hypertension was 53.68%. The interactive effect of sex and age, BMI and age, race and age were statistically significant on hypertension. Strata-specific analyses showed that female at 40 years and above were positively associated with hypertension than those at 20–39 years. The associations also persistence in male. The risk estimates for age ≥40 on hypertension were consistently positive across all overweight/obesity and race groups. The effect was most prominent among overweight populations aged 60–80 years and Other Hispanic aged 40 years and above. Conclusion There exists interactive effect of sex and age, BMI and age, race and age on hypertension in American population. The effect of age on hypertension was more prominent in female, overweight populations and Other Hispanic populations. Differences in age, BMI and race should be considered when providing corresponding antihypertensive measures.

中文翻译：

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性别、年龄、体重指数和种族对美国人群高血压风险的相互作用：一项横断面研究

背景 性别、年龄、体重指数（BMI）和种族对高血压的联合影响尚未得到充分解决。在此，我们进行了这项研究，旨在调查性别、年龄、BMI和种族相互作用对高血压风险的可能影响。方法 通过使用 2015-16 年美国国家健康和营养调查调查中经过样本调整的 2656 名女性和 2515 名男性的数据，我们通过逻辑回归模型分析了性别、年龄、BMI 和种族的相互作用，然后进行了分层分析. 高血压定义为收缩压≥130 mmHg/舒张压≥80 mmHg或服用抗高血压药物。结果共纳入分析对象5171人，高血压患病率为53.68%。性别与年龄、BMI与年龄的交互作用，种族和年龄对高血压有统计学意义。阶层特异性分析显示，40 岁及以上女性与高血压呈正相关，高于 20-39 岁女性。这种关联在男性中也持续存在。在所有超重/肥胖和种族组中，≥40 岁高血压的风险估计值始终为阳性。这种影响在 60-80 岁的超重人群和 40 岁及以上的其他西班牙裔人群中最为突出。结论 性别与年龄、BMI与年龄、种族与年龄对美国人群高血压存在交互作用。年龄对高血压的影响在女性、超重人群和其他西班牙裔人群中更为显着。在提供相应的降压措施时应考虑年龄、BMI和种族的差异。