The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) instrument was launched out of Wanaka, New Zealand, by NASA in April, 2017 as a mission of opportunity. The detector was developed as part of the Joint Experimental Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) program toward a space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) telescope with the main objective to make the first observation of UHECRs via the fluorescence technique from suborbital space. The EUSO-SPB1 instrument is a refractive telescope consisting of two 1m² Fresnel lenses with a high-speed UV camera at the focal plane. The camera has 2304 individual pixels capable of single photoelectron counting with a time resolution of 2.5μ s. A detailed performance study including calibration was done on ground. We separately evaluated the properties of the Photo Detector Module (PDM) and the optical system in the laboratory. An end-to-end test of the instrument was performed during a field campaign in the West Desert in Utah, USA at the Telescope Array (TA) site in September 2016. The campaign lasted for 8 nights. In this article we present the results of the preflight laboratory and field tests. Based on the tests performed in the field, it was determined that EUSO-SPB1 has a field of view of 11.1^∘ and an absolute photo-detection efficiency of 10%. We also measured the light flux necessary to obtain a 50% trigger efficiency using laser beams. These measurements were crucial for us to perform an accurate post flight event rate calculation to validate our cosmic ray search. Laser beams were also used to estimated the reconstruction angular resolution. Finally, we performed a flat field measurement in flight configuration at the launch site prior to the launch providing a uniformity of the focal surface better than 6%.

NASA 于 2017 年 4 月在新西兰瓦纳卡发射了超压气球 1 (EUSO-SPB1) 仪器上的极端宇宙空间天文台，这是一次机遇任务。该探测器是作为极端宇宙空间天文台联合实验任务(JEM-EUSO) 计划的一部分开发的，该计划旨在建立一个天基超高能宇宙射线 (UHECR) 望远镜，其主要目标是通过以下方式对 UHECR 进行首次观测亚轨道空间的荧光技术。EUSO-SPB1 仪器是一种折射望远镜，由两个 1m ²菲涅耳透镜和焦平面处的高速紫外线相机组成。相机具有 2304 个独立像素，能够进行单光电子计数，时间分辨率为 2.5 μs。包括校准在内的详细性能研究是在地面上完成的。我们在实验室中分别评估了光电探测器模块 (PDM) 和光学系统的特性。2016 年 9 月，在美国犹他州西部沙漠的望远镜阵列 (TA) 现场进行了一次现场活动期间对该仪器进行了端到端测试。该活动持续了 8 个晚上。在本文中，我们介绍了飞行前实验室和现场测试的结果。根据现场进行的测试，确定 EUSO-SPB1 的视场为 11.1 ^∘和10%的绝对光电探测效率。我们还测量了使用激光束获得 50% 触发效率所需的光通量。这些测量对于我们执行准确的飞行后事件率计算以验证我们的宇宙射线搜索至关重要。激光束也用于估计重建角分辨率。最后，我们在发射前在发射场对飞行配置进行了平场测量，提供了优于 6% 的焦面均匀性。