Abstract

The contemporary evolutionary developmental biology includes molecular phylogeny, studies on morphology and morphogenesis, genetics, and genomics. The most reliable conclusions about main trends of floral evolution can result from investigations of highly polymorphic group, which is precisely characterized from the positions of both modern systematics and molecular developmental biology. The legume family, Leguminosae, is a group of such kind. It demonstrates an outstanding variation in flower structure. The ancestral floral structure in this family includes monosymmetry, pentacycly, pentamerous perianth and androecium, and a monomerous gynoecium. However, distinct evolutionary lineages resulted in origin of polysymmetric perianth, different patterns of staminal reduction or polymerization, as well as multicarpellate gynoecium. A strikingly high level of homoplasy is found in Leguminosae. Besides the existing evolutionary tendency to stabilize floral structure, the exact “instability syndrome” evolved repeatedly, associated with a polysymmetry and characterized with a highly variable number and position of floral organs.

中文翻译：

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豆科花的进化史

摘要

当代进化发育生物学包括分子系统发育、形态学和形态发生研究、遗传学和基因组学。从现代系统学和分子发育生物学的立场出发，对高度多态性群的研究可以得出关于花进化主要趋势的最可靠结论。豆科植物Leguminosae 就是这样的一个群体。它展示了花结构的显着变化。该科的祖先花结构包括单对称、五环、五瓣花被和雄蕊，以及单体雌蕊。然而，不同的进化谱系导致了多对称花被的起源，不同的雄蕊减少或聚合模式，以及多心皮雌蕊群。在豆科中发现了惊人的高水平同质性。除了现有的稳定花结构的进化趋势外，确切的“不稳定综合征”反复进化，与多对称性相关，并以花器官的数量和位置高度可变为特征。