Abstract

The main purpose of the motor mode is to keep the turbine in hot standby (with the boiler off) without generating electricity to the grid. To do this, the generator is switched to the engine mode, which rotates the turbine rotor, and the cooling of the flow path is performed by supplying one or two intermediate steam extractions from the extractions of the neighboring turbine. The first stages of the high-pressure cylinder run on steam from the front seals. The noted specificity of the purpose and operating conditions of the turbine in low-steam modes imposes additional requirements on the mathematical model. When developing models of a turbine stage in a motor mode, the physical media included in the object were taken into account: the steam of the flow path passing through the nozzle and working discs, participating in the conversion of its thermodynamic and kinetic energy into mechanical energy of the rotor rotation; vapor leakage into the space between the discs; steam leakage through the rotor-guide vane seal; metal of rotating devices (working disks and turbine rotor); and metal of the stator and exhaust pipes. Multipoint models are obtained with lumped parameters distributed along the length of the flow channel with values that vary depending on the ordinal number of the stage. The main part of the step models are eight ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations of physical media. The developed models are necessary for computer modeling and investigating the temperature distribution of the turbine flow path. Based on the research results, it is proposed to create a real automatic control system that ensures the implementation of restrictions on metal heating and the generation of added power.

中文翻译：

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开发低蒸汽和电机模式下的涡轮热过程模型

摘要

电动机模式的主要目的是使涡轮机保持热备状态（锅炉关闭），而不向电网发电。为此，发电机切换到发动机模式，使涡轮转子旋转，并通过从相邻涡轮机的抽汽供应一或两次中间抽汽来执行流路的冷却。高压缸的第一级依靠来自前密封件的蒸汽运行。在低蒸汽模式下涡轮机的目的和运行条件的显着特殊性对数学模型提出了额外的要求。在电机模式下开发涡轮级模型时，考虑了对象中包含的物理介质：流经喷嘴和工作盘的流路蒸汽，参与将其热力学能和动能转化为转子旋转的机械能；蒸汽泄漏到圆盘之间的空间；蒸汽通过转子-导向叶片密封件泄漏；旋转装置的金属（工作盘和涡轮转子）；定子和排气管的金属。多点模型是通过沿流道长度分布的集总参数获得的，其值随阶段的序号而变化。阶梯模型的主要部分是物理介质的八个常微分方程或偏微分方程。开发的模型对于计算机建模和研究涡轮机流动路径的温度分布是必要的。根据研究结果，