Using the framework of objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts in Psychology of Women Quarterly 21(2): 173–206, 1997), the current studies explored how often women (vs. men) reported wearing clothing that is painful, distracting, and/or restricting (PDR clothing). Additionally, we examined differences in body surveillance (i.e., chronically monitoring the appearance of one’s body) and body appreciation between those who reported wearing various types of PDR clothing and those who did not. In both a sample of U.S. college students (n = 545) and a broader sample of U.S. adults (n = 252), results indicated that women were substantially more likely to wear PDR clothing than men. Across both samples, the largest differences between men and women were in wearing uncomfortable or painful shoes and in wearing clothing that is distracting because it requires ongoing monitoring or adjusting. Women and men with higher body surveillance were more likely to report wearing PDR clothing. Though some findings pointed toward a negative association between body appreciation and wearing PDR clothing, these results were inconsistent. Overall, results were consistent with the notion that the gendered nature of clothing might reflect and provoke chronic vigilance of the body’s appearance. Gendered differences in the extent to which clothing promotes comfort and movement vs. discomfort and distraction has clear implications for women’s quality of life.

使用客观化理论的框架（Fredrickson & Roberts in Psychology of Women Quarterly 21(2): 173–206, 1997），目前的研究探讨了女性（与男性相比）报告穿着疼痛、分散注意力和/或限制（PDR 服装）。此外，我们检查了报告穿着不同类型 PDR 服装的人和未穿着的人在身体监视（即长期监测身体外观）和身体欣赏方面的差异。在美国大学生样本 ( n  = 545) 和更广泛的美国成年人样本 ( n = 252)，结果表明女性比男性更可能穿 PDR 服装。在这两个样本中，男性和女性之间最大的差异在于穿着不舒服或疼痛的鞋子，以及穿着因需要持续监控或调整而分散注意力的衣服。身体监测较高的女性和男性更有可能报告穿着 PDR 服装。尽管一些研究结果表明身体欣赏与穿着 PDR 服装之间存在负相关，但这些结果并不一致。总体而言，结果与服装的性别性质可能反映并引起对身体外观的长期警惕的概念一致。服装促进舒适和运动的程度与普通服装相比的性别差异。