Systems neuroscience approaches with a focus on large-scale brain organization and network analysis are advancing foundational knowledge of how cognitive control processes are implemented in the brain. Over the past decade, technological and computational innovations in the study of brain connectivity have led to advances in our understanding of how brain networks function, inspiring new conceptualizations of the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) networks in the coordination of cognitive control. In this review, we describe six key PFC networks involved in cognitive control and elucidate key principles relevant for understanding how these networks implement cognitive control. Implementation of cognitive control in a constantly changing environment depends on the dynamic and flexible organization of PFC networks. In this context, we describe major empirical and theoretical models that have emerged in recent years and describe how their functional architecture and dynamic organization supports flexible cognitive control. We take an overarching view of advances made in the past few decades and consider fundamental issues regarding PFC network function, global brain dynamics, and cognition that still need to be resolved. We conclude by clarifying important future directions for research on cognitive control and their implications for advancing our understanding of PFC networks in brain disorders.

侧重于大规模大脑组织和网络分析的系统神经科学方法正在推进关于认知控制过程如何在大脑中实施的基础知识。在过去的十年中，大脑连接研究中的技术和计算创新使我们对大脑网络功能的理解取得了进展，激发了前额叶皮层 (PFC) 网络在协调认知控制中的作用的新概念化。在这篇综述中，我们描述了认知控制中涉及的六个关键 PFC 网络，并阐明了与理解这些网络如何实现认知控制相关的关键原则。在不断变化的环境中实施认知控制取决于 PFC 网络的动态和灵活组织。在这种情况下，我们描述了近年来出现的主要经验和理论模型，并描述了它们的功能架构和动态组织如何支持灵活的认知控制。我们对过去几十年取得的进展进行了总体审视，并考虑了仍然需要解决的有关 PFC 网络功能、全球大脑动力学和认知的基本问题。最后，我们阐明了认知控制研究的重要未来方向及其对促进我们对脑部疾病中 PFC 网络的理解的影响。我们对过去几十年取得的进展进行了总体审视，并考虑了仍然需要解决的有关 PFC 网络功能、全球大脑动力学和认知的基本问题。最后，我们阐明了认知控制研究的重要未来方向及其对促进我们对脑部疾病中 PFC 网络的理解的影响。我们对过去几十年取得的进展进行了总体审视，并考虑了仍然需要解决的有关 PFC 网络功能、全球大脑动力学和认知的基本问题。最后，我们阐明了认知控制研究的重要未来方向及其对促进我们对脑部疾病中 PFC 网络的理解的影响。