A characteristic feature of solid tumors is their low oxygen tension, which confers resistance to radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy. Therefore, to improve treatment outcomes, it is critical to develop biomaterials capable of targeted modulation of oxygen levels in tumors. In this review, we summarize four types of oxygen-modulating biomaterials, namely, oxygen-carrying biomaterials to deliver oxygen into tumors (e.g., perfluorocarbon and hemoglobin), oxygen-generating biomaterials to promote in situ oxygen generation (e.g., MnO₂, catalase, and CuO), oxygen-consuming biomaterials to starve tumors (e.g., photosensitizer, glucose oxidase, and magnesium silicide), and oxygen-circulating biomaterials capable of both providing and consuming oxygen (e.g., ENBS-B). The current literature suggests that these biomaterials are useful for anticancer therapeutics. We present the key molecular mechanisms involved in modulating oxygen levels and the potential applications of these biomaterials in the context of hypoxic tumor treatment.

实体瘤的一个特征是它们的低氧张力，这赋予了对放疗、光动力疗法和化疗的抵抗力。因此，为了改善治疗效果，开发能够靶向调节肿瘤中氧水平的生物材料至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了四种类型的氧气调节生物材料，即，将氧气输送到肿瘤中的携氧生物材料（例如全氟化碳和血红蛋白），以及促进原位氧气生成的产氧生物材料（例如，MnO ₂、过氧化氢酶和 CuO)、使肿瘤饥饿的耗氧生物材料（例如光敏剂、葡萄糖氧化酶和硅化镁），以及能够提供和消耗氧气的氧循环生物材料（例如 ENBS-B）。目前的文献表明，这些生物材料可用于抗癌治疗。我们介绍了参与调节氧水平的关键分子机制以及这些生物材料在缺氧肿瘤治疗中的潜在应用。