Tumor organoids have been proposed as a model system for precision medicine. The ability of tumor organoids to retain characteristics of the original tumor makes them unique for cancer research on an individual patient level. Hence, the idea to use tumor organoids for clinical decision making and optimize patient outcome is tempting. In vitro responses of tumor organoids to a wide array of drugs have been positively correlated to patient responses. However, substantial challenges remain and prospective studies with large cohorts are highly needed before implementation in clinical cancer care can be considered. Because of their personalized characteristics and the immediate link with patient data, tumor organoids also have great potential in preclinical research. Here, we provide a critical overview of both clinical and preclinical advances using tumor organoids.

肿瘤类器官已被提议作为精准医学的模型系统。肿瘤类器官保留原始肿瘤特征的能力使其在个体患者水平的癌症研究中独一无二。因此，使用肿瘤类器官进行临床决策和优化患者预后的想法很诱人。体外肿瘤类器官对多种药物的反应与患者的反应呈正相关。然而，在考虑在临床癌症护理中实施之前，仍然存在重大挑战，并且非常需要大型队列的前瞻性研究。由于其个性化特征和与患者数据的直接联系，肿瘤类器官在临床前研究中也具有巨大潜力。在这里，我们提供了使用肿瘤类器官的临床和临床前进展的重要概述。