The increasing social consciousness about the causes and consequences of climate change has not led to a correspondingly high support for concrete mitigation or adaptation policies. Thus, more research is needed about the factors influencing citizen’s support for such climate change policies. In this study, we explore the effects on Spaniards’ support for one mitigation policy (car policy) and one adaptation policy (water policy) of five attitudinal factors: government response efficacy beliefs, people’s feeling of responsibility to mitigate climate change, personal self-efficacy beliefs, people’s disposition to resist change and psychological distance from climate change. We use data from an online survey implemented in the Netquest opt-in panel in Spain (N = 2290). We use structural equation modelling to control for spurious effects and test the fit of the model. Moreover, estimates are corrected for measurement errors. The results reveal that the most important factor affecting Spaniards’ support for both mitigation and adaptation policies is the perceived government response efficacy. Furthermore, we identified relevant differences regarding the importance of the above-mentioned five attitudinal factors depending on the climate change policy studied. More precisely, while government response efficacy and people’s feeling of responsibility to mitigate climate change have a direct effect on support for both policies, personal self-efficacy and people’s resistance to change only affect support for the mitigation policy directly. On the contrary, psychological distance to climate change only has a direct effect on support for the adaptation policy. Our results provide new insights into the causal mechanisms behind citizens’ support for climate change policies.

社会对气候变化原因和后果的意识日益增强，但并未相应地对具体的减缓或适应政策给予高度支持。因此，需要对影响公民支持此类气候变化政策的因素进行更多研究。在这项研究中，我们探讨了五个态度因素对西班牙人对一项减缓政策（汽车政策）和一项适应政策（水政策）的支持的影响：政府响应效能信念、人们减缓气候变化的责任感、个人自我功效信念、人们抗拒变化的倾向以及与气候变化的心理距离。我们使用来自西班牙 Netquest 选择加入面板中实施的在线调查的数据 ( N = 2290）。我们使用结构方程模型来控制虚假效应并测试模型的拟合。此外，估计会针对测量误差进行校正。结果表明，影响西班牙人支持缓解和适应政策的最重要因素是感知的政府响应效率。此外，我们根据所研究的气候变化政策确定了上述五个态度因素重要性的相关差异。更准确地说，虽然政府应对气候变化的效率和人们对减缓气候变化的责任感对两种政策的支持度都有直接影响，但个人自我效能感和人们对变革的抵制只会直接影响对减缓政策的支持度。相反，与气候变化的心理距离仅直接影响对适应政策的支持。我们的研究结果为公民支持气候变化政策背后的因果机制提供了新的见解。