Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) may favor development of antiviral immunity by engaging the immune system during immunotherapy. Targeting integrin α₄β₇ with an anti-α₄β₇ monoclonal antibody (Rh-α₄β₇) affects immune responses in SIV/SHIV-infected macaques. To explore the therapeutic potential of combining bNAbs with α₄β₇ integrin blockade, SHIV_SF162P3-infected, viremic rhesus macaques were treated with bNAbs only (VRC07-523LS and PGT128 anti-HIV antibodies) or a combination of bNAbs and Rh-α₄β₇ or were left untreated as a control. Treatment with bNAbs alone decreased viremia below 200 copies/ml in all macaques, but seven of eight macaques (87.5%) in the bNAbs-only group rebounded within a median of 3 weeks (95% CI: 2 to 9). In contrast, three of six macaques treated with a combination of Rh-α₄β₇ and bNAbs (50%) maintained a viremia below 200 copies/ml until the end of the follow-up period; viremia in the other three macaques rebounded within a median of 6 weeks (95% CI: 5 to 11). Thus, there was a modest delay in viral rebound in the macaques treated with the combination antibody therapy compared to bNAbs alone. Our study suggests that α₄β₇ integrin blockade may prolong virologic control by bNAbs in SHIV_SF162P3-infected macaques.

抗 HIV 广泛中和抗体 (bNAb) 可能通过在免疫治疗过程中激活免疫系统来促进抗病毒免疫的发展。使用抗 α ₄ β ₇单克隆抗体 (Rh-α ₄ β ₇ ) 靶向整合素 α ₄ β ₇会影响 SIV/SHIV 感染的猕猴的免疫反应。为了探索 bNAb 与 α ₄ β ₇整合素阻断相结合的治疗潜力，仅使用 bNAb（VRC07-523LS 和 PGT128 抗 HIV 抗体）或 bNAb 与 Rh-α ₄组合治疗感染 SHIV _SF162P3的病毒血症恒河猴。 β ₇或未处理作为对照。单独使用 bNAb 治疗可将所有猕猴的病毒血症降至 200 拷贝/ml 以下，但仅使用 bNAb 组的八只猕猴中有七只 (87.5%) 在中位 3 周内出现反弹（95% CI：2 至 9）。相比之下，接受 Rh-α ₄ β ₇和 bNAb 联合治疗的 6 只猕猴中，有 3 只 (50%) 的病毒血症维持在 200 拷贝/ml 以下，直到随访期结束；其他三只猕猴的病毒血症在中位 6 周内反弹（95% CI：5 至 11）。因此，与单独使用 bNAb 相比，接受联合抗体疗法治疗的猕猴的病毒反弹略有延迟。我们的研究表明，在 SHIV _SF162P3感染的猕猴中，α ₄ β ₇整合素阻断可能会延长 bNAb 的病毒学控制时间。