Milk and derivatives are a very important part in the diet of the world population. Products from goat, buffalo, and sheep species have a greater economic value than the cow ones, therefore, authenticity frauds by improperly adding cow's milk occur frequently: dairy products are among the seven more attractive foods for adulteration. Milk from each of the above-cited animal species has its own definite profile of whey proteins (variants of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin) and its definite profile of caseins (variants of α_S1-, α_S2-, β-, and κ-casein). Such proteins can be usefully exploited as markers of authenticity by using capillary electrophoresis which is the technique of choice for the analysis of proteins. Due to the multiple adjustable parameters that are unknown to other analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis is able to detect frauds in milk mixtures and cheese with little use of solvents, fast analysis time, and ease of operation. This makes it attractive and competitive for routine checks that are very important to fight the adulteration market. Advantages and limitations are discussed.

中文翻译：

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毛细管电泳法鉴定乳制品的真伪

牛奶及其衍生物是世界人口饮食中非常重要的一部分。山羊、水牛和绵羊的产品比奶牛的产品具有更大的经济价值，因此，通过不当添加牛奶进行的真伪欺诈经常发生：乳制品是七种更具吸引力的掺假食品之一。来自上述每个动物物种的牛奶都有自己明确的乳清蛋白（α-乳清蛋白和 β-乳球蛋白的变体）和酪蛋白的明确分布（α _S1 -、α _{S2的变体）}-、β-和 κ-酪蛋白）。通过使用毛细管电泳（这是蛋白质分析的首选技术），可以有效地利用此类蛋白质作为真实性标记。由于其他分析技术未知的多个可调参数，毛细管电泳能够检测牛奶混合物和奶酪中的欺诈行为，而几乎不使用溶剂、分析时间短且易于操作。这使得它对于对抗掺假市场非常重要的常规检查具有吸引力和竞争力。讨论了优点和局限性。