Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is prevalent in poultry with pandemic potential. Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with three different concentrations of DATS 24 h before (pre-treatment) or one hour after (post-treatment) H9N2 AIV infection. Culture supernatants were collected 24 h and 48 h post-infection and analyzed for viral titers and levels of inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses. For in vivo experiments, BABL/c mice were administered daily by intraperitoneal injection with DATS (30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 1 day after H9N2 AIV infection. Clinical signs, lung pathology, and inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses were assessed 2, 4, and 6 days after infection. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of A549 cells with DATS resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of anti-viral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3, and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 AIV-infected mice treated with DATS. Such treatment also reduced lung edema and inflammation in mice. Results suggest that DATS has anti-viral activity against H9N2 AIV and may be used as an alternative treatment for influenza virus infection.

中文翻译：

---

二烯丙基三硫醚对H9N2禽流感病毒感染的体内外抗病毒活性

二烯丙基三硫化物 (DATS) 是一种大蒜衍生的有机硫化合物。由于它已被证明具有抗病毒活性，我们假设它可以减轻由 H9N2 禽流感病毒 (AIV) 引起的感染，这种病毒在具有大流行潜力的家禽中普遍存在。人肺 A549 上皮细胞在 H9N2 AIV 感染前 24 小时（治疗前）或一小时后（治疗后）用三种不同浓度的 DATS 处理。在感染后 24 小时和 48 小时收集培养物上清液并分析病毒滴度以及炎症和抗病毒免疫反应的水平。对于体内实验，从 H9N2 AIV 感染后 1 天开始，每天通过腹膜内注射 DATS (30 mg/kg) 给 BABL/c 小鼠给药 2 周。评估临床体征、肺病理学以及炎症和抗病毒免疫反应 2、4、感染后6天。用 DATS 对 A549 细胞进行预处理和后处理均导致病毒载量减少，抗病毒基因（RIG-I、IRF-3 和干扰素-β）表达增加，炎症细胞因子（TNF- α 和 IL-6)。在用 DATS 治疗的 H9N2 AIV 感染的小鼠中也观察到了这些影响。这种治疗还减少了小鼠的肺水肿和炎症。结果表明，DATS 对 H9N2 AIV 具有抗病毒活性，可用作流感病毒感染的替代治疗方法。在用 DATS 治疗的 H9N2 AIV 感染的小鼠中也观察到了这些影响。这种治疗还减少了小鼠的肺水肿和炎症。结果表明，DATS 对 H9N2 AIV 具有抗病毒活性，可用作流感病毒感染的替代治疗方法。在用 DATS 治疗的 H9N2 AIV 感染的小鼠中也观察到了这些影响。这种治疗还减少了小鼠的肺水肿和炎症。结果表明，DATS 对 H9N2 AIV 具有抗病毒活性，可用作流感病毒感染的替代治疗方法。