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Peregrine Falcon’s Dive: Pullout Maneuver and Flight Control Through Wing Morphing
AIAA Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.2514/1.j060052
Omar Selim 1 , Erwin R. Gowree 2 , Christian Lagemann 3 , Edward Talboys 1 , Chetan Jagadeesh 1 , Christoph Brücker 1
Affiliation  

During the pullout maneuver, peregrine falcons were observed to adopt a succession of specific flight configurations that are thought to offer an aerodynamic advantage over aerial prey. Analysis of the flight trajectory of a falcon in a controlled environment shows it experiencing load factors up to 3g, and further predictions suggest this could be increased up to almost 10g during high-speed pullout. This can be attributed to the high maneuverability promoted by lift-generating vortical structures over the wing. Wind-tunnel experiments on life-sized models in the different configurations together with high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations (large-eddy simulations) show that deploying the hand wing in a pullout creates extra vortex lift, which is similar to that of combat aircraft with delta wings. The aerodynamic forces and the position of the aerodynamic center were calculated from the simulations of the flow around the different configurations. This allowed for an analysis of the longitudinal static stability in the early pullout phase, confirming that the falcon is flying unstably in pitch with a positive slope in the pitching moment and a trim angle of attack of about 5 deg, which is possibly to maximize responsiveness. The hand wings/primaries were seen to contribute to the augmented stability, acting as “elevons” would on a tailless blended-wing/body aircraft.



中文翻译:

Peregrine Falcon's Dive:通过机翼变形进行拉出机动和飞行控制

在撤出机动过程中,观察到游隼采用一系列特定的飞行配置,这些配置被认为比空中猎物具有空气动力学优势。对受控环境中猎鹰飞行轨迹的分析表明,它的载荷系数高达3G,进一步的预测表明这可能会增加到几乎 10G高速拔出时。这可以归因于机翼上产生升力的涡流结构所带来的高机动性。不同配置的真人模型的风洞实验以及高保真计算流体动力学模拟(大涡模拟)表明,在拉出中部署手翼会产生额外的涡流升力,这类似于战斗机带三角翼。空气动力和空气动力中心的位置是通过模拟不同配置周围的流动来计算的。这允许分析早期撤出阶段的纵向静态稳定性,确认猎鹰在俯仰时不稳定飞行,俯仰力矩为正斜率,纵倾迎角约为 5 度,这可能是为了最大限度地提高响应能力。手翼/初级被认为有助于增强稳定性,就像无尾翼/机身混合飞机上的“升降副翼”。

更新日期:2021-08-19
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