To investigate associations between intakes of total fish, lean fish, fatty fish, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) supplements and risk of type 2 diabetes in women after pregnancy. Furthermore, we sought to compare the estimated intakes of methylmercury (MeHg) and sum of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) with tolerable weekly intakes (TWI).

Women free of diabetes at baseline (n = 60,831) who participated in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were prospectively evaluated for incident type 2 diabetes, identified on the basis of medication usage >90 days after delivery, ascertained through the Norwegian Prescription Database. Dietary intake data were obtained with a validated 255-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which assessed habitual diet during the first 4–5 months of pregnancy. Intakes of MeHg and sum of dioxins and dl-PCBs were derived with use of a contaminant database and the FFQ.

Median age was 31 years (interquartile range 27, 34) at time of delivery, and follow-up time was 7.5 years (6.5, 8.5). Type 2 diabetes occurred in 683 (1.1%) participants. Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified lower risk of type 2 diabetes with increasing energy-adjusted lean fish intake (25 g/1,000 kcal: hazard ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95, P = 0.022). However, in stratified analyses, a lower risk was found only in women with prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m². There were no associations between intake of total fish, fatty fish, or LCn-3PUFA supplements and type 2 diabetes. MeHg intake was low, but the intake of the sum of dioxins and dl-PCBs (picograms of toxic equivalents/kilograms of body weight/week) exceeded the TWI set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for the majority of participants.

Intake of lean fish, but not fatty fish or LCn-3PUFA supplements, was associated with lower risk of pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes in Norwegian women who were overweight or obese. Fatty fish, which contain dioxins and dl-PCBs, did not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the exceedance of the EFSA TWI for dioxins and dl-PCBs is a health concern.

旨在调查女性怀孕后总鱼量、瘦鱼量、多脂鱼量和长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (LCn-3PUFA) 补充剂的摄入量与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关系。此外，我们还试图将甲基汞 (MeHg) 的估计摄入量以及二恶英和二恶英类多氯联苯 (dl-PCB) 的总和与每周可耐受摄入量 (TWI) 进行比较。

参加基于人群的挪威母亲、父亲和儿童队列研究 (MoBa) 的基线时无糖尿病的女性 ( n = 60,831) 接受了前瞻性评估，评估其是否发生 2 型糖尿病，根据分娩后 90 天以上的药物使用情况进行识别，通过挪威处方数据库确定。膳食摄入数据通过经过验证的 255 项食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 获得，该问卷评估了怀孕前 4-5 个月的习惯饮食。 MeHg 的摄入量以及二恶英和 dl-PCB 的总和是通过使用污染物数据库和 FFQ 得出的。

分娩时的中位年龄为 31 岁（四分位距 27、34），随访时间为 7.5 年（6.5、8.5）。 683 名 (1.1%) 参与者患有 2 型糖尿病。多变量 Cox 回归分析发现，增加能量调整的瘦鱼摄入量可以降低 2 型糖尿病的风险（25 g/1,000 kcal：风险比 0.71，95% CI 0.53–0.95， P = 0.022）。然而，在分层分析中，仅在孕前BMI≥25 kg/m ²的女性中发现风险较低。鱼总量、多脂鱼或 LCn-3PUFA 补充剂的摄入量与 2 型糖尿病之间没有关联。 MeHg 摄入量较低，但二恶英和 dl-PCB 的摄入总量（皮克毒性当量/千克体重/周）超过了欧洲食品安全局 (EFSA) 为大多数参与者设定的 TWI。

对于超重或肥胖的挪威女性，摄入瘦鱼（而非多脂鱼或 LCn-3PUFA 补充剂）与药物治疗 2 型糖尿病的风险降低相关。含有二恶英和 dl-PCB 的肥鱼不会增加患 2 型糖尿病的风险，但二恶英和 dl-PCB 的 EFSA TWI 超标是一个健康问题。