A fundamental part of understanding structural inequality is recognizing that constrained choices, particularly those that align with societal stereotypes, are poor indicators of a person's desires. This study examined whether children (N = 246 U.S. children, 53% female; 61% White, 24% Latinx; 5–10 years) acknowledge constraints in this way when reasoning about gender-stereotypical choices, relative to gender-neutral and gender-counterstereotypical choices. Results indicated that children more frequently inferred preferences regardless of whether the actor was constrained when reasoning about gender-stereotypical choices, as compared to gender-neutral or gender-counterstereotypical choices. We also found evidence of an age-related increase in the general tendency to acknowledge constraints. We discuss the broader implications of these results for children's understanding of constraints within society.

中文翻译：

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当演员表现刻板印象时，儿童对身体限制的认识较少：作为案例研究的性别刻板印象

理解结构性不平等的一个基本部分是认识到受限制的选择，特别是那些与社会刻板印象一致的选择，是一个人欲望的不良指标。本研究考察了儿童（N = 246 名美国儿童，53% 为女性；61% 白人，24% 拉丁裔；5-10 年）在推理性别刻板印象选择时以这种方式承认限制，相对于性别中立和性别反刻板印象选择。结果表明，与性别中立或性别反刻板印象的选择相比，无论演员在推理性别刻板印象选择时是否受到限制，儿童更频繁地推断出偏好。我们还发现了承认约束的一般趋势与年龄相关的增加的证据。我们讨论了这些结果对儿童理解社会约束的更广泛影响。