In this article, we elucidate the roles of divalent ion condensation and highly polarized immobile water molecules on the propagation of ionic calcium waves along actin filaments. We introduced a novel electrical triple layer model and used a non-linear Debye-Huckel theory with a non-linear, dissipative, electrical transmission line model to characterize the physicochemical properties of each monomer in the filament. This characterization is carried out in terms of an electric circuit model containing monomeric flow resistances and ionic capacitances in both the condensed and diffuse layers. We considered resting and excited states of a neuron using representative mono and divalent electrolyte mixtures. Additionally, we used 0.05V and 0.15V voltage inputs to study ionic waves along actin filaments in voltage clamp experiments. Our results reveal that the physicochemical properties characterizing the condensed and diffuse layers lead to different electrical conductive mediums depending on the ionic species and the neuron state. This region specific propagation mechanism provides a more realistic avenue of delivery by way of cytoskeleton filaments for larger charged cationic species. A new direct path for transporting divalent ions might be crucial for many electrical processes found in localized neuron elements such as at mitochondria and dendritic spines.

在本文中，我们阐明了二价离子凝聚和高度极化的固定水分子对离子钙波沿肌动蛋白丝传播的作用。我们引入了一种新颖的电三层模型，并使用非线性 Debye-Huckel 理论和非线性耗散电传输线模型来表征灯丝中每个单体的物理化学性质。该表征是根据在凝聚层和扩散层中包含单体流阻和离子电容的电路模型来进行的。我们使用代表性的一价和二价电解质混合物考虑神经元的静息和兴奋状态。此外，我们使用 0.05 V和 0.15 V电压输入来研究电压钳实验中沿肌动蛋白丝的离子波。我们的结果表明，表征凝聚层和扩散层的物理化学性质会根据离子种类和神经元状态产生不同的导电介质。这种区域特异性传播机制通过细胞骨架丝为较大的带电阳离子物质提供了更现实的递送途径。运输二价离子的新直接路径可能对于局部神经元元件（例如线粒体和树突棘）中发现的许多电过程至关重要。