ABSTRACT

Introduction

Pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) involves chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress. In this review, we discuss the research efforts in therapeutic vaccine development to date and the potential challenges imposed by oxidative stress in achieving an efficient therapeutic vaccine against CD.

Areas covered

This review covers the immune and nonimmune mechanisms of reactive oxygen species production and immune response patterns during T. cruzi infection in CD. A discussion on immunotherapy development efforts, the efficacy of antigen-based immune therapies against T. cruzi, and the role of antioxidants as adjuvants is discussed to provide promising insights to developing future treatment strategies against CD.

Expert opinion

Administration of therapeutic vaccines can be a good option to confront persistent parasitemia in CD by achieving a rapid, short-lived stimulation of type 1 cell-mediated immunity. At the same time, adjunct therapies could play a critical role in the preservation of mitochondrial metabolism and cardiac muscle contractility in CD. We propose combined therapy with antigen-based vaccine and small molecules to control the pathological oxidative insult would be effective in the conservation of cardiac structure and function in CD.

中文翻译：

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氧化应激对恰加斯病治疗性疫苗开发的影响

摘要

介绍

由原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫 (T. cruzi ) 引起的南美锥虫病 (CD) 的发病机制涉及慢性氧化和炎症应激。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了迄今为止在治疗性疫苗开发方面的研究工作以及氧化应激在获得针对 CD 的有效治疗性疫苗方面所带来的潜在挑战。

涵盖的领域

本综述涵盖了CD中T. cruzi 感染期间活性氧产生和免疫反应模式的免疫和非免疫机制。讨论了免疫疗法的开发工作、基于抗原的免疫疗法对T. cruzi的功效以及抗氧化剂作为佐剂的作用，以为开发未来的 CD 治疗策略提供有希望的见解。

专家意见

通过实现对 1 型细胞介导的免疫的快速、短期刺激，治疗性疫苗的施用可能是对抗 CD 中持续性寄生虫血症的一个很好的选择。同时，辅助治疗可以在维持 CD 中的线粒体代谢和心肌收缩力方面发挥关键作用。我们建议结合基于抗原的疫苗和小分子治疗来控制病理性氧化损伤，这将有效保护 CD 中的心脏结构和功能。