Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the most important indicators of a patient's health. In critically ill patients, unrecognized changes in RR are associated with poorer outcomes. Visual assessment (VA), impedance pneumography (IP), and electrocardiographic-derived respiration (EDR) are the three most commonly used methods to assess RR. While VA and IP are widely used in hospitals, the EDR method has not been validated for use in hospitalized patients. Additionally, little is known about their accuracy compared with one another. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the accuracy, strengths, and limitations of VA of RR to two methods that use physiologic data, namely IP and EDR.

中文翻译：

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用于测量住院患者呼吸频率的视觉、胸廓阻抗和心电图方法的准确性、优势和局限性的文献综述

呼吸频率 (RR) 是衡量患者健康状况的最重要指标之一。在危重患者中，无法识别的 RR 变化与较差的结局相关。视觉评估 (VA)、阻抗肺描记 (IP) 和心电图衍生的呼吸 (EDR) 是评估 RR 的三种最常用方法。虽然 VA 和 IP 广泛用于医院，但 EDR 方法尚未在住院患者中得到验证。此外，与彼此相比，人们对它们的准确性知之甚少。本系统评价的目的是比较 RR 的 VA 与使用生理数据的两种方法（即 IP 和 EDR）的准确性、优势和局限性。