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The Chemical Synthesis of Knob Domain Antibody Fragments
ACS Chemical Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00472
Alex Macpherson 1, 2 , James R Birtley 1 , Robert J Broadbridge 3 , Kevin Brady 1 , Monika-Sarah E D Schulze 1 , Yalan Tang 4 , Callum Joyce 1, 2 , Kenneth Saunders 5 , Gregory Bogle 6 , John Horton 3 , Sebastian Kelm 1 , Richard D Taylor 1 , Richard J Franklin 1 , Matthew D Selby 1 , Maisem Laabei 2 , Toska Wonfor 2 , Adam Hold 1 , Phil Stanley 1 , Douangsone Vadysirisack 4 , Jiye Shi 1 , Jean van den Elsen 2, 7 , Alastair D G Lawson 1
Affiliation  

Cysteine-rich knob domains found in the ultralong complementarity determining regions of a subset of bovine antibodies are capable of functioning autonomously as 3–6 kDa peptides. While they can be expressed recombinantly in cellular systems, in this paper we show that knob domains are also readily amenable to a chemical synthesis, with a co-crystal structure of a chemically synthesized knob domain in complex with an antigen showing structural equivalence to the biological product. For drug discovery, following the immunization of cattle, knob domain peptides can be synthesized directly from antibody sequence data, combining the power and diversity of the bovine immune repertoire with the ability to rapidly incorporate nonbiological modifications. We demonstrate that, through rational design with non-natural amino acids, a paratope diversity can be massively expanded, in this case improving the efficacy of an allosteric peptide. As a potential route to further improve stability, we also performed head-to-tail cyclizations, exploiting the proximity of the N and C termini to synthesize functional, fully cyclic antibody fragments. Lastly, we highlight the stability of knob domains in plasma and, through pharmacokinetic studies, use palmitoylation as a route to extend the plasma half-life of knob domains in vivo. This study presents an antibody-derived medicinal chemistry platform, with protocols for solid-phase synthesis of knob domains, together with the characterization of their molecular structures, in vitro pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics.

中文翻译:


Knob结构域抗体片段的化学合成



在牛抗体子集的超长互补决定区中发现的富含半胱氨酸的旋钮结构域能够作为 3-6 kDa 肽自主发挥作用。虽然它们可以在细胞系统中重组表达,但在本文中,我们表明旋钮结构域也很容易进行化学合成,化学合成的旋钮结构域与抗原复合物的共晶结构显示出与生物结构等效的结构。产品。对于药物发现,在牛免疫后,可以直接从抗体序列数据合成旋钮结构域肽,将牛免疫库的力量和多样性与快速整合非生物修饰的能力结合起来。我们证明,通过非天然氨基酸的合理设计,可以大规模扩展互补位多样性,在这种情况下提高变构肽的功效。作为进一步提高稳定性的潜在途径,我们还进行了头尾环化,利用 N 和 C 末端的邻近性来合成功能性、完全环状的抗体片段。最后,我们强调了旋钮结构域在血浆中的稳定性,并通过药代动力学研究,使用棕榈酰化作为延长旋钮结构域体内血浆半衰期的途径。本研究提出了一个抗体衍生的药物化学平台,包括旋钮结构域的固相合成方案,以及其分子结构、体外药理学和药代动力学的表征。
更新日期:2021-09-17
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