There is growing interest in goat milk and its derivatives, whose quality is essential in light of contemporary dietary trends favouring healthy eating. Goat milk is used in nutraceutical and infant food products for various reasons, including its hypoallergenic properties. Casein gene variation influences milk content and the chemical, physical, and technical aspects of goat milk. In Capra hircus, there are twelve variants of αs2 casein protein reported to date. The present study aimed to identify the polymorphism of alpha s2 casein and their transcript variants in six Indian goat breeds. Along with three reported alleles (A, B, and C), seven new alleles (L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R) were found in the six native Indian breeds. Transcript variants due to the exon skipping phenomenon were found. The novel alleles: N, P, Q, and R also represented the deletion of exon 3, 13, 6 and 6, respectively. The largest exon (exon 16) of the CSN1S2 gene was screened in 140 goats, and only one new allele, ‘S’, was found. Altogether, eight novel alleles were found in Indian goats along with two types of transcript variants.

人们对山羊奶及其衍生物的兴趣越来越大，鉴于当代有利于健康饮食的饮食趋势，山羊奶的质量至关重要。山羊奶用于营养保健品和婴儿食品的原因有多种，包括其低过敏性。酪蛋白基因变异影响羊奶的牛奶含量以及化学、物理和技术方面。在Capra hircus，迄今为止报道了 12 种 αs2 酪蛋白变体。本研究旨在鉴定 6 个印度山羊品种中 α s2 酪蛋白及其转录变体的多态性。除了三个报告的等位基因（A、B 和 C）外，在六个印度本土品种中还发现了七个新的等位基因（L、M、N、O、P、Q 和 R）。发现了由于外显子跳跃现象引起的转录变体。新的等位基因：N、P、Q 和 R 也分别代表外显子 3、13、6 和 6 的缺失。在 140 只山羊中筛选了CSN1S2基因的最大外显子（外显子 16），仅发现了一个新的等位基因“S”。总共在印度山羊中发现了八个新的等位基因以及两种类型的转录变体。