In recent years, complex new bottom ash treatment processes for enhanced metal recovery have been implemented in Switzerland, producing residual bottom ash fractions with various qualities. This study focusses on three different treatment processes by characterizing all arising fractions in detail. Thereby the factors influencing the composition of these fractions are identified and their recycling potential in Switzerland is investigated. However, high legislative requirements on total contents of heavy metals represent a high barrier for bottom ash recycling in Switzerland. Therefore, the recycling potential is further evaluated based on the waste legislation applied in the Netherlands, where recycling of bottom ash has a long tradition. There, threshold values for bottom ash recycling are based on leachate concentrations and not on total contents as in Switzerland. However, Swiss Waste Legislation also knows threshold values based on leachate concentrations for certain waste materials. The leaching tests applied in these two countries, however, are different. The comparison of both leaching tests reveals that the setup and conditions, especially the considered pH range, significantly influence the leaching of heavy metals. With emphasis on problematic pollutants, the possibilities for new applications of these fractions are evaluated based on Swiss and Dutch legal threshold values. The comparison within the legal frameworks of these two countries allows recognizing opportunities and risks related to bottom ash recycling.

近年来，瑞士实施了用于提高金属回收率的复杂的新型底灰处理工艺，生产出各种品质的残余底灰部分。本研究通过详细表征所有出现的部分，重点关注三种不同的处理过程。因此，确定了影响这些馏分组成的因素，并调查了它们在瑞士的回收潜力。然而，对重金属总含量的高立法要求代表了瑞士底灰回收的高障碍。因此，根据荷兰应用的废物立法进一步评估了回收潜力，荷兰的底灰回收利用有着悠久的传统。那里，底灰回收的阈值基于渗滤液浓度，而不是像瑞士那样基于总含量。然而，瑞士废物立法也知道基于某些废物材料的渗滤液浓度的阈值。然而，这两个国家采用的浸出试验是不同的。两种浸出试验的比较表明，设置和条件，尤其是考虑的 pH 范围，显着影响重金属的浸出。重点关注有问题的污染物，根据瑞士和荷兰的法律阈值评估这些馏分新应用的可能性。在这两个国家的法律框架内进行比较可以识别与底灰回收相关的机会和风险。瑞士废物立法也知道基于某些废物的渗滤液浓度的阈值。然而，这两个国家采用的浸出试验是不同的。两种浸出试验的比较表明，设置和条件，尤其是考虑的 pH 范围，显着影响重金属的浸出。重点关注有问题的污染物，根据瑞士和荷兰的法律阈值评估这些馏分新应用的可能性。在这两个国家的法律框架内进行比较可以识别与底灰回收相关的机会和风险。瑞士废物立法也知道基于某些废物的渗滤液浓度的阈值。然而，这两个国家采用的浸出试验是不同的。两种浸出试验的比较表明，设置和条件，尤其是考虑的 pH 范围，显着影响重金属的浸出。重点关注有问题的污染物，根据瑞士和荷兰的法律阈值评估这些馏分新应用的可能性。在这两个国家的法律框架内进行比较可以识别与底灰回收相关的机会和风险。两种浸出试验的比较表明，设置和条件，尤其是考虑的 pH 范围，显着影响重金属的浸出。重点关注有问题的污染物，根据瑞士和荷兰的法律阈值评估这些馏分新应用的可能性。在这两个国家的法律框架内进行比较可以识别与底灰回收相关的机会和风险。两种浸出试验的比较表明，设置和条件，尤其是考虑的 pH 范围，显着影响重金属的浸出。重点关注有问题的污染物，根据瑞士和荷兰的法律阈值评估这些馏分新应用的可能性。在这两个国家的法律框架内进行比较可以识别与底灰回收相关的机会和风险。