Objective

To study the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden and to explore whether previously proposed risk factors are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension by investigating the odds of exposure one year prior to diagnosis in patients compared to controls.

Methods

Using Swedish health care registers and validated diagnostic algorithms, idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients diagnosed between 2000–2016 were compared with randomly selected matched controls, five from the general population and five with obesity.

Results

We identified 902 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 4510 matched individuals in each control group. Mean incidence among inhabitants ≥18 years of age was 0.71 per 100,000; rising from 0.53 in 2000–2005 to 0.95 in 2012–2016. There were increased odds for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients compared to general population for exposure to: kidney failure (odds ratio =13.2 (4.1–42.0)), arterial hypertension (odds ratio =17.5 (10.5–29.3)), systemic lupus erythematosus (odds ratio =13.8 (4.3–44.7)), tetracyclines, sulphonamides, lithium, and corticosteroids. In obese controls, odds ratios were also significantly increased for these exposures. Hormonal contraceptive use and exposure to pregnancy did not appear to be associated factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension development.

Conclusions

The incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden is lower relative to reports from other countries but is on the rise. This case-control study confirms several previously reported risk factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

中文翻译：

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瑞典国家病例对照研究调查特发性颅内高压的发病率和相关因素

客观的

研究瑞典特发性颅内高压的发病率，并通过调查患者诊断前一年与对照组相比的暴露几率，探索先前提出的危险因素是否与特发性颅内高压相关。

方法

使用瑞典医疗保健登记册和经过验证的诊断算法，将 2000 年至 2016 年间诊断的特发性颅内高压患者与随机选择的匹配对照进行比较，其中 5 名来自普通人群，5 名患有肥胖症。

结果

我们在每个对照组中确定了 902 名特发性颅内高压患者和 4510 名匹配的个体。≥18 岁居民的平均发病率为 0.71/100,000；从 2000-2005 年的 0.53 上升到 2012-2016 年的 0.95。与一般人群相比，特发性颅内高压患者暴露于以下疾病的几率增加：肾衰竭（优势比 =13.2 (4.1–42.0)）、动脉高血压（优势比 =17.5 (10.5–29.3)）、系统性红斑狼疮（优势比率 =13.8 (4.3–44.7))、四环素类、磺胺类、锂和皮质类固醇。在肥胖对照组中，这些暴露的优势比也显着增加。激素避孕药的使用和妊娠暴露似乎不是特发性颅内高压发生的相关因素。

结论

瑞典特发性颅内高压的发病率低于其他国家的报告，但呈上升趋势。这项病例对照研究证实了几个先前报道的与特发性颅内高压相关的危险因素。