ABSTRACT

The success of the dwarf breeding of rice and wheat, called the Green Revolution, was due to increased source and sink capacities, which depended on large increases in N fertilizer inputs. However, today’s high N fertilization has an extremely large impact on the environment. While there have been disputes as to whether photosynthetic improvement leads to an increase in crop yields, transgenic rice overproducing ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) – the key enzyme of photosynthesis, has shown increased yields with improved N-use efficiency for increasing biomass production when receiving sufficient N fertilization in an experimental paddy field. A large-grain cultivar, Akita 63 had high yield potential without improvement of source, with yield analysis suggesting that enhancement of photosynthesis would be of the greatest importance for further increases in the yield of high-yielding cultivars with improved N use efficiency. Development of innovative rice plants with high photosynthetic capacity and large sink is required.

摘要

水稻和小麦矮化育种的成功，称为绿色革命，是由于源和汇能力的增加，这取决于氮肥投入的大幅增加。然而，今天的高氮施肥对环境的影响极其巨大。虽然关于光合作用改进是否会导致作物产量增加存在争议，但转基因水稻过量生产核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）——光合作用的关键酶，表明随着氮使用的改善，产量增加当在试验稻田中获得足够的氮肥时，提高生物质产量的效率。大粮品种秋田63在不改良源的情况下具有高产潜力，产量分析表明，光合作用的增强对于进一步提高高产栽培品种的产量具有最大的重要性，并提高氮的利用效率。需要开发具有高光合能力和大汇的创新水稻植物。