The use of in situ and operando spectroscopy in applied catalysis is driven by the recognition that it is a powerful tool to elucidate the nature and changes of atomic arrangements and chemical species at a surface during heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of recent processes in using in situ and operando spectroscopy to investigate the relationship between structure and activity/selectivity, as well as mechanisms of gas-surface reactions on oxide-supported metal catalysts and at metal-oxide interfaces. The selected reactions include water-gas shift reaction, CO oxidation, and selective CO₂ hydrogenation. Special attention is given to oxide-supported single-atom catalysts, which are known to provide maximum atom utilization and high efficiency towards catalytic performance but is lack of detailed understanding under operando conditions. Recent research from 2018 to 2021 using in situ and operando spectroscopy with an emphasis on diffuse-reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), combined with X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, are reviewed for the three reactions on relevant catalysts for general audience in applied catalysis. The perspectives on how to improve catalytic performance are discussed.

使用在原位与operando在施加催化光谱由识别驱动，它是澄清的性质的有力工具，并在非均相催化反应在表面的原子排列和化学物种变化。本文的目的是概述使用原位和原位光谱研究结构与活性/选择性之间的关系的最新过程，以及氧化物负载金属催化剂和金属表面气体表面反应的机制。氧化物界面。所选反应包括水煤气变换反应、CO氧化和选择性CO ₂加氢。特别关注氧化物负载的单原子催化剂，已知其可提供最大的原子利用率和催化性能的高效率，但在操作条件下缺乏详细了解。回顾了2018-2021年使用原位和原位光谱法，重点是漫反射红外光谱（DRIFTS），结合X射线光谱和理论计算的研究，针对相关催化剂的三个反应，以供广大应用催化领域的读者. 讨论了如何提高催化性能的观点。