Forests store large amounts of carbon as wood, but this storage potential depends on seasonal radial growth and how it is driven by climate. Therefore, we need a better understanding on how intra-annual radial increment rates determine growth responses to climate variability. There is a large gap of knowledge on the climate windows, i.e. the effective climatic time-window for tree growth, and predictors of intra-annual growth, particularly in seasonally dry biomes such as Mediterranean forests where growth may show several seasonal peaks. We described the radial increment rates of five tree species inhabiting mesic (Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea, Arbutus unedo) and xeric (Pinus halepensis, Juniperus thurifera) sites using dendrometers. Then, we related those rates and tree-ring width to climate data using correlations and model selection. All species presented bimodal patterns of radial increment rates with a major peak in spring and a minor peak in autumn, being this pattern most marked in Q. ilex, A. unedo and J. thurifera. Differences in climate-rates relationships were greater between species than between sites. Wet and cool conditions in winter and spring increased spring rates, but the climatic time-windows were longer in some species (Q. ilex, J. thurifera) and shorter in others (Q. faginea, P. halepensis). Similarly, wet and cool conditions also enhanced autumn rates in the xeric site, but warm conditions did it in the mesic site. Rainy autumn conditions reduced A. unedo rates. Climate-growth associations at intra- and inter-annual scales were consistent in species showing long intra-annual climatic time-windows such as Q. ilex. Our findings confirm the importance of wet winters and cool springs for radial growth in some species, and the relevance of autumn growth in A. unedo. Similar studies on intra-annual radial increment rates and climatic time-windows of forest growth and productivity can reveal which will be the species most impacted by drought.

森林将大量碳以木材的形式储存起来，但这种储存潜力取决于季节性径向生长以及气候如何驱动。因此，我们需要更好地了解年内径向增量率如何决定增长对气候变化的响应。在气候窗口（即树木生长的有效气候时间窗口）和年内生长的预测因子方面存在很大的知识差距，特别是在季节性干燥的生物群落中，例如地中海森林，那里的生长可能会出现几个季节性高峰。我们描述了 5 种栖息在中间的树种 ( Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea, Arbutus unedo ) 和旱地 ( Pinus halepensis, Juniperus thurifera )的径向增长率) 使用测树仪的站点。然后，我们使用相关性和模型选择将这些速率和树木年轮宽度与气候数据相关联。所有物种都呈现径向增量率的双峰模式，春季主要峰值和秋季次要峰值，这种模式在冬青树、A. unedo和J. thurifera 中最为显着。物种之间的气候速率关系差异大于地点之间的差异。冬季和春季潮湿和凉爽的条件增加了春季发生率，但某些物种（Q. ilex、J. thurifera）的气候时间窗口较长，而其他物种（Q. faginea、P. halepensis）的气候时间窗口较短）。同样，潮湿和凉爽的条件也提高了旱地的秋季率，但温暖的条件在旱地中起到了促进作用。多雨的秋季条件降低了A. unedo率。年内和年际尺度上的气候增长关联在表现出长年内气候时间窗口的物种中是一致的，例如冬青树。我们的研究结果证实了潮湿的冬季和凉爽的春季对于某些物种的径向生长的重要性，以及A. unedo秋季生长的相关性。对森林生长和生产力的年内径向增量率和气候时间窗口的类似研究可以揭示哪些物种将是受干旱影响最大的物种。