Czochralski growth and characterization of the multicomponent garnet(Lu1/4Yb1/4Y1/4Gd1/4)3Al5O12,Physical Review Materials

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Czochralski growth and characterization of the multicomponent garnet(Lu1/4Yb1/4Y1/4Gd1/4)3Al5O12
Physical Review Materials ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.083401
Matheus Pianassola _{1,

2} , Luis Stand _{1,

3} , Madeline Loveday _{1,

2} , Bryan C. Chakoumakos ₄ , Merry Koschan ₁ , Charles L. Melcher _{1,

2,

3} , Mariya Zhuravleva _{1,

2}

Affiliation

This work demonstrates the potential for practical scalable growth of complex garnets and evaluates the implications of a multicomponent composition in the optical quality and elemental distribution of a Czochralski-grown crystal. Our experimental approach was designed to elucidate the relation between a complex garnet composition

{({Lu}_{1 / 4} {Yb}_{1 / 4} Y_{1 / 4} {Gd}_{1 / 4})}_{3} {Al}_{5} O_{12}

, crystal growth parameters, crystal structural, and elemental homogeneity. Our hypothesis is that combining multiple rare earths (REs) that will fractionally occupy the dodecahedral site in the aluminum garnet structure will result in a stable, single garnet compound that can be grown by the Czochralski method. Single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction indicated a single garnet phase with an increasing unit cell volume from seed to tail. In addition, we propose that the pattern of elemental segregation will be based on the deviation of the ionic radius of each constituent RE from the average RE ionic radius of the multicomponent garnet. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that ions that are smaller than that average (

{Lu}^{3 +}

and

{Yb}^{3 +}

) are preferentially incorporated in the crystal, while elements that are larger than that average (

{Gd}^{3 +}

) are rejected. The ionic radius of

Y^{3 +}

is close to that average and yttrium segregation was minimal. The concentrations of the four REs are closer to stoichiometric on the tail end of the boule. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis reveal Gd-rich inclusions with eutectic microstructures in the tail end of the boule.

中文翻译：

多组分石榴石(Lu1/4Yb1/4Y1/4Gd1/4)3Al5O12的直拉生长和表征

这项工作证明了复杂石榴石的实际可扩展生长的潜力，并评估了多组分组成对直拉生长晶体的光学质量和元素分布的影响。我们的实验方法旨在阐明复杂石榴石成分之间的关系

{(鲁_{1 / 4} 镝_{1 / 4} 是_{1 / 4} 钆_{1 / 4})}_{3} 铝_{5} 哦_{12}

、晶体生长参数、晶体结构和元素均匀性。我们的假设是，将多个稀土 (RE) 组合在一起，将部分占据铝石榴石结构中的十二面体位置，将产生稳定的单一石榴石化合物，可以通过 Czochralski 方法生长。单晶和粉末 X 射线衍射表明单个石榴石相，从种子到尾部的晶胞体积增加。此外，我们建议元素偏析的模式将基于每个成分 RE 的离子半径与多组分石榴石的平均 RE 离子半径的偏差。电子探针微量分析表明，小于平均值的离子（