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Adapting and Validating the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire to Study Sexual Harassment Among University Women in Jordan
Journal of Interpersonal Violence ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1177/08862605211035880
Rachael A. Spencer 1 , Kathryn M. Yount 1 , Aida A. Essaid 2 , Yuk Fai Cheong 1 , Jude Sajdi 2 , Rand Abu Taleb 2 , Irina Bergenfeld 1 , Brian Batayeh 1 , Seema Sandhu 1 , Zoe Robbin 1 , Ahad Zwooqar 1 , Cari Jo Clark 1
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Despite the adverse effects of sexual harassment, measurement gaps persist. Using a sequential, mixed-methods approach, we adapted and validated the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) to measure sexual harassment victimization among college-going women in Jordan. From a 213-item pool and qualitative data from students at the study site, we removed 50 items and collapsed or rephrased 163 items into selected 27 items for examination. After expert reviewers and study-site staff assessed content validity, we replaced three items. Items were tested using cognitive interviews (n = 7) and then administered in a survey to 567 women students. We sequentially performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a random split-half sample (N1 = 283), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the second sample (N2 = 284), and confirmatory bifactor analysis. Five items with cross-factor loadings were dropped. Model fit for the final four-factor EFA and CFA was adequate (EFA: RMSEA: 0.013, CFI: 0.996, TLI: 0.994; CFA: RMSEA 0.020, CFI: 0.988, TLI: 0.986). Three factors were similar to those identified in the SEQ—gender harassment, sexual coercion, and unwanted sexual attention—but we also identified a fourth factor—physical-contact sexual harassment. The bifactor analysis suggested that the scale was unidimensional (general factor ECV=.701 and PUC =.727). The unidimensional scale was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Using an adapted SEQ, sexual harassment is a measurable construct in the Jordanian university context. Further validation of this tool and efforts to capture each dimension of sexual harassment in the Arab region is needed.



中文翻译:

改编和验证性体验问卷以研究约旦大学女性的性骚扰

尽管性骚扰会产生不利影响,但衡量差距仍然存在。我们使用连续的混合方法,调整并验证了性体验问卷 (SEQ) 来衡量约旦大学女性的性骚扰受害情况。从研究地点学生的 213 个项目库和定性数据中,我们删除了 50 个项目,并将 163 个项目折叠或重新表述为选定的 27 个项目进行检查。在专家评审员和研究中心工作人员评估内容有效性后,我们替换了三个项目。项目使用认知访谈(n = 7)进行测试,然后在对 567 名女学生的调查中进行。我们使用随机分成两半的样本 ( N 1= 283),验证性因素分析 (CFA) 与第二个样本 ( N 2= 284),以及验证性双因素分析。五个具有交叉因素载荷的项目被删除。适合最终四因子 EFA 和 CFA 的模型是足够的(EFA:RMSEA:0.013,CFI:0.996,TLI:0.994;CFA:RMSEA 0.020,CFI:0.988,TLI:0.986)。三个因素与 SEQ 中确定的因素相似——性别骚扰、性胁迫和不必要的性关注——但我们还确定了第四个因素——身体接触性骚扰。双因子分析表明该量表是一维的(一般因子 ECV=.701 和 PUC =.727)。一维量表与抑郁症状呈正相关。使用经过调整的 SEQ,性骚扰是约旦大学环境中的一个可衡量的结构。需要进一步验证该工具并努力捕捉阿拉伯地区性骚扰的各个方面。

更新日期:2021-08-19
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