This study aimed to examine how problem gambling interacts with gendered drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to exacerbate this violence. Interviews were conducted with 48 female victims of IPV linked to a male partner’s gambling; 24 female victims of IPV linked to their own gambling; and 39 service practitioners from 25 services. Given limited research into gambling-related IPV, but a stronger theoretical base relating to IPV against women, this study used an adaptive grounded theory approach. It engaged with existing theories on gendered drivers of violence against women, while also developing a grounded theory model of individual and relationship determinants based on emergent findings from the data. Gambling-related IPV against women was found to occur in the context of expressions of gender inequality, including men’s attitudes and behaviors that support violence and rigid gender expectations, controlling behaviors, and relationships condoning disrespect of women. Within this context, the characteristics of problem gambling and the financial, emotional and relationship stressors gambling causes intensified the IPV. Alcohol and other drug use, and co-morbid mental health issues, also interacted with gambling to intensify the IPV. Major implications. Reducing gambling-related IPV against women requires integrated, multi-level interventions that reduce both problem gambling and gendered drivers of violence. Gambling operators can act to reduce problem gambling and train staff in responding to IPV. Financial institutions can assist people to limit their gambling expenditure and families to protect their assets. Service providers can be alert to the co-occurrence of gambling problems and IPV and screen, treat, and refer clients appropriately. Public education can raise awareness that problem gambling increases the risk of IPV. Reducing gender inequality is also critical.

本研究旨在研究问题赌博如何与针对女性的亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 的性别驱动因素相互作用，从而加剧这种暴力行为。对 48 名与男性伴侣赌博有关的 IPV 女性受害者进行了采访；24 名 IPV 女性受害者与自己的赌博有关；以及来自 25 个服务的 39 个服务从业者。鉴于对赌博相关 IPV 的研究有限，但与针对女性的 IPV 相关的理论基础更强大，本研究使用了适应性扎根理论方法。它结合了关于暴力侵害妇女行为的性别驱动因素的现有理论，同时还根据数据中的新发现开发了个人和关系决定因素的扎根理论模型。发现与赌博相关的针对女性的 IPV 发生在表达性别不平等的背景下，包括支持暴力和严格的性别期望的男性态度和行为、控制行为以及纵容不尊重女性的关系。在此背景下，问题赌博的特征以及赌博导致的财务、情感和人际关系压力加剧了 IPV。酒精和其他药物的使用以及伴随的精神健康问题也与赌博相互作用以加剧 IPV。重大影响。减少针对女性的与赌博相关的 IPV 需要综合的、多层次的干预措施，以减少问题赌博和性别暴力的驱动因素。赌博经营者可以采取行动减少赌博问题并培训员工应对 IPV。金融机构可以帮助人们限制赌博支出，帮助家人保护资产。服务提供商可以对赌博问题和 IPV 的同时发生保持警惕，并适当地筛选、治疗和转介客户。公共教育可以提高人们对问题赌博会增加 IPV 风险的认识。减少性别不平等也很关键。