There are few studies that have assessed greenhouse gas (GHG) effluxes under dryland agriculture, especially in South Africa. Subsequently, limited data in the sub-Saharan region impedes the formulation of policies on GHG mitigation and adaptation. Therefore, the need to study effluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) was salient. The objective of the study was to assess GHG effluxes across seasons in conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems under nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Gases were sampled using static PVC chambers and sampling was done by inserting a 25-mL polypropylene syringe into the chamber septa and slowly removing the gas. Samples were analysed for CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O using gas chromatography. In winter, CH₄ effluxes were higher under NT than CT for each application rate (p < 0.05). N₂O efflux was higher (p < 0.05) under CT at 120 and 240 kg N ha⁻¹ compared to NT in summer. The CO₂ effluxes of CT were higher (p < 0.05) than NT at all N application rates and seasons. Higher GHG effluxes in summer than winter was attributed to higher soil temperature and moisture. CO₂ and N₂O emissions were positively correlated to tillage with CH₄ negatively correlated, but it has to be noted that not only the intensity of tillage influenced effluxes, but also climatic conditions played a huge role in determining the direction of effluxes. Conservation tillage is climate smart and, in this case NT at 120 kg N ha⁻¹, can be recommended because it sustained less effluxes especially during summer.

很少有研究评估旱地农业下的温室气体 (GHG) 排放量，尤其是在南非。随后，撒哈拉以南地区有限的数据阻碍了温室气体减缓和适应政策的制定。因此，研究二氧化碳 (CO ₂ )、一氧化二氮 (N ₂ O) 和甲烷 (CH ₄ )流出的必要性是突出的。该研究的目的是评估氮 (N) 肥料管理下常规耕作 (CT) 和免耕 (NT) 系统中跨季节的温室气体排放量。使用静态 PVC 腔室对气体进行采样，通过将 25 mL 聚丙烯注射器插入腔室隔垫并缓慢去除气体来完成采样。分析样品的 CO ₂、CH ₄和 N ₂ O 使用气相色谱法。在冬季，对于每个施用率，NT 下的CH ₄流出量高于 CT（p  < 0.05）。与夏季 NT 相比，N ₂ O 流出量 在 120 和 240 kg N ha ^-1下 CT 下更高（p < 0.05）。 在所有施氮率和季节，CT的 CO ₂流出量均高于NT （p < 0.05）。夏季温室气体排放量高于冬季的原因是土壤温度和湿度较高。CO ₂和 N ₂ O 排放与 CH ₄耕作呈正相关负相关，但必须指出，不仅耕作强度影响外排，而且气候条件在确定外排方向方面也发挥了巨大作用。保护性耕作是气候智能型，在这种情况下，NT 为 120 kg N ha ^-1，可以推荐，因为它持续较少的外排，尤其是在夏季。