Assessment of Neurotoxicity Following Single and Co-exposure of Cadmium and Mercury in Adult Zebrafish: Behavior Alterations, Oxidative Stress, Gene Expression, and Histological Impairment in Brain,Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

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Assessment of Neurotoxicity Following Single and Co-exposure of Cadmium and Mercury in Adult Zebrafish: Behavior Alterations, Oxidative Stress, Gene Expression, and Histological Impairment in Brain
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05274-1
Utsav N. Patel ₁ , Urvesh D. Patel ₁ , Aniket V. Khadayata ₁ , Rahul K. Vaja ₁ , Harshad B. Patel ₁ , Chirag M. Modi ₁

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In this study, alterations in behavior, oxidative stress, and related gene expressions, as well as histopathological changes in the brain, of zebrafish were evaluated following exposure to cadmium chloride and mercury chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. In the light–dark preference test, the time spent in the dark side and numbers of entries in the light side by zebrafish of all toxicity groups compared to those of control were significantly higher and lower, respectively. In novel tank test, times spent in the lower zone by zebrafish of toxicity groups were at par but significantly higher compared to those of the control group, which indicate the development of anxiety-like behavior in all toxicity groups. Zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg showed significant downregulation of Nrf2 mRNA expression (Nrf2— protein that is responsible for the expression of antioxidant proteins) in the brain compared to other toxicity groups. The downregulation of Nrf2 plays a crucial role in cellular oxidative damage in the brain of zebrafish. The glutathione level of the brain was significantly decreased in Cd and Cd + Hg-exposed fish. However, the malondialdehyde level of the brain was significantly higher in Hg and Cd + Hg groups. Significant microscopic pathological changes were noticed in the olfactory bulb, corpus cerebelli, and optic tectum of zebrafish of all toxicity groups. The Cd + Hg-exposed group showed severe changes in periventricular gray zone of optic tectum. Significant synergistic toxicity in the brain was not observed following simultaneous exposure of Cd and Hg in zebrafish.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

成年斑马鱼单次和共同接触镉和汞后的神经毒性评估：行为改变、氧化应激、基因表达和脑组织学损伤

在这项研究中，我们评估了斑马鱼在单独或同时接触氯化镉和氯化汞 21 天后的行为改变、氧化应激和相关基因表达以及大脑组织病理学变化。在明暗偏好测试中，与对照组相比，所有毒性组斑马鱼在暗面的时间和在亮面的进入次数分别显着高于和低于对照组。在新型水族箱试验中，毒性组斑马鱼在下区停留的时间与对照组相当，但明显高于对照组，这表明所有毒性组都出现了焦虑样行为。与其他毒性组相比，暴露于 Cd + Hg 的斑马鱼大脑中的 Nrf2 mRNA 表达（Nrf2——负责抗氧化蛋白表达的蛋白质）显着下调。Nrf2 的下调在斑马鱼大脑中的细胞氧化损伤中起关键作用。在 Cd 和 Cd + Hg 暴露的鱼中，大脑中的谷胱甘肽水平显着降低。然而，Hg 和 Cd + Hg 组大脑中的丙二醛水平显着更高。各毒性组斑马鱼的嗅球、小脑体和视顶盖均出现显着的微观病理变化。Cd + Hg 暴露组显示视顶盖脑室周围灰区的严重变化。

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更新日期：2021-08-19

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