To solve the problems of severe early wear of the teeth of the roller-cone bit and the low service life of the bit in the highly abrasive hard formation, a biconical-profiled single cone bit structure is proposed. The cone of the drill bit is biconical, and the tip of the cone is larger to increase the tooth density. The front end of the cone is embedded in the center area of the bottom hole to ensure more stable movement. Furthermore, combined with experimental tests and numerical simulations, the tooth load distribution law of the bit teeth is studied. The study found that the teeth of the biconical-profiled single cone bit are mainly impact and extrusion, and shear is the supplementary. Compared to the traditional spherical single cone bit, this bit structure has a shorter tooth scraping distance and larger tooth surface impact load, which helps to reduce tooth wear and improve the service life of the bit in abrasive and hard formations. This has certain guiding significance for understanding the rock-breaking mechanism of the bit and further optimizing the structure of the bit.

为解决高磨蚀性硬地层牙轮钻头早期磨损严重和钻头使用寿命低的问题，提出了一种双锥异形单牙轮钻头结构。钻头的锥体为双锥体，锥体的尖端较大，以增加齿密度。锥体前端嵌入井底中心区域，确保运动更稳定。此外，结合实验测试和数值模拟，研究了钻头齿的齿载荷分布规律。研究发现，双锥异形单牙轮钻头的齿以冲击和挤压为主，剪切为辅。与传统的球形单牙轮钻头相比，这种钻头结构具有更短的齿刮距和更大的齿面冲击载荷，这有助于减少牙齿磨损并提高钻头在磨损和坚硬地层中的使用寿命。这对于了解钻头破岩机理，进一步优化钻头结构具有一定的指导意义。