In this study, the extraction of oil from pinecone of Pinus brutia was evaluated by supercritical CO₂ (Sc-CO₂) and Soxhlet extraction methods. The quercetin, rutin and kaempferol (QRK) contents of oil were analyzed one by one via HPLC. The rutin compound investigated in this study has the potential to be a drug against the COVID 19 virus. SEM and BET analysis were performed to observe the structural change and increase in surface area after Sc-CO₂ extraction. The operating conditions were investigated in the range of 35–65 °C temperatures, 140–220 bar of pressures, 0.30–1.00 mm of mean particle sizes, 3–7 l/min of CO₂ flow rates, 0–8% w/w co-solvent and 30–150 min extraction periods. When the results obtained by the Sc-CO₂ method were compared with the results of Soxhlet extraction method, the maximum recovery of total QRK was found 4.18% in co-solvent-free studies and 30.94% in co-solvent-added Sc-CO₂ studies. Sc-CO₂ extraction results of Q, R, and K were found as 14.75 ± 1.08 µg/g, 14.23 ± 1.27 µg/g, and 15.70 ± 1.13 µg/g pinecone, respectively. Soxhlet extraction results of Q, R, and K were found as 36.43 ± 2.26 μg/g, 57.19 ± 3.81 μg/g, and 50.80 ± 2.79 μg/g pinecone, respectively. The maximum amount of QRK was found as 44.68 ± 2.89 μg/g pinecone by Sc-CO₂ method via adding 8% ethanol by mass and as 144.42 ± 5.39 μg/g pinecone by Soxhlet method. According to the reference Soxhlet method efficiency, the Sc-CO₂ extraction recovery was found as 30.94%.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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索氏提取法和超临界 CO2 提取法从黑松松果中提取和定量一些有价值的黄酮类化合物：比较研究

在这项研究中，油从的松塔提取松brutia物通过超临界CO评价₂（SC-CO ₂）和索氏提取方法。采用高效液相色谱法对油中槲皮素、芦丁和山奈酚(QRK)含量进行一一分析。本研究中研究的芦丁化合物有可能成为对抗 COVID 19 病毒的药物。进行SEM和BET分析以观察Sc-CO ₂提取后的结构变化和表面积的增加。在 35–65 °C 温度、140–220 bar 压力、0.30–1.00 mm 平均粒径、3–7 l/min CO ₂范围内研究了操作条件流速、0–8% w/w 共溶剂和 30–150 分钟的萃取时间。将 Sc-CO ₂方法获得的结果与索氏提取法的结果进行比较，发现在无共溶剂研究中总 QRK 的最大回收率为 4.18%，在添加共溶剂的 Sc-CO 中为 30.94% ₂研究。Q、R 和 K 的Sc-CO ₂提取结果分别为 14.75 ± 1.08 µg/g、14.23 ± 1.27 µg/g 和 15.70 ± 1.13 µg/g 松果。Q、R 和 K 的索氏提取结果分别为 36.43 ± 2.26 μg/g、57.19 ± 3.81 μg/g 和 50.80 ± 2.79 μg/g 松果。通过 Sc-CO ₂发现 QRK 的最大量为 44.68 ± 2.89 μg/g 松果方法通过添加质量百分比为 8% 的乙醇和索氏法测定为 144.42 ± 5.39 μg/g 松果。根据参考索氏法效率，发现Sc-CO ₂萃取回收率为30.94%。

图形摘要