CRISPR-Cas technology, discovered originally as a bacterial defense system, has been extensively repurposed as a powerful tool for genome editing for multiple applications in biology. In the field of virology, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely applied on genetic recombination and engineering of genomes of various viruses to ask some fundamental questions about virus–host interactions. Its high efficiency, specificity, versatility, and low cost have also provided great inspiration and hope in the field of vaccinology to solve a series of bottleneck problems in the development of recombinant viral vaccines. This review highlights the applications of CRISPR editing in the technological advances compared to the traditional approaches used for the construction of recombinant viral vaccines and vectors, the main factors affecting their application, and the challenges that need to be overcome for further streamlining their effective usage in the prevention and control of diseases. Factors affecting efficiency, target specificity, and fidelity of CRISPR-Cas editing in the context of viral genome editing and development of recombinant vaccines are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR-Cas9 编辑在病毒工程中的应用和重组病毒疫苗的开发

CRISPR-Cas 技术最初是作为一种细菌防御系统被发现的，现已被广泛用作基因组编辑的强大工具，用于生物学的多种应用。在病毒学领域，CRISPR-Cas9技术被广泛应用于各种病毒的基因重组和基因组工程，以提出一些关于病毒-宿主相互作用的基本问题。其高效、特异性、通用性和低成本也为疫苗学领域解决重组病毒疫苗研发中的一系列瓶颈问题提供了极大的启发和希望。本综述重点介绍了 CRISPR 编辑在技术进步中的应用与用于构建重组病毒疫苗和载体的传统方法相比，影响其应用的主要因素，以及为进一步简化其在疾病预防和控制中的有效使用需要克服的挑战。还讨论了在病毒基因组编辑和重组疫苗开发的背景下影响 CRISPR-Cas 编辑效率、靶标特异性和保真度的因素。