The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed myriad and complex challenges for our national health care system spanning preparedness, response, access, costs, infrastructure, coordination, and medical innovation. These challenges implicate federal, state, and local agencies and actors, as well as international collaborative bodies. One constant throughout the pandemic has been the pressing need for safe and effective diagnostics, prophylactic vaccines, and drug treatments to counter the virus.1 Inarguably, significant problems with the multi-faceted system of drug and vaccine innovation and regulation manifested long before the COVID-19 pandemic.2 The pandemic, however, has laid bare the inextricable connections among federal funding, patents, product review and approval mechanisms, and the eventual medical products and resulting costs.

中文翻译：

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从 COVID-19 的角度看生物制药创新中的信息不透明性

COVID-19 大流行揭示了我们国家卫生保健系统面临的无数复杂挑战，包括准备、响应、获取、成本、基础设施、协调和医疗创新。这些挑战涉及联邦、州和地方机构和参与者，以及国际合作机构。整个大流行期间的一个不变因素是迫切需要安全有效的诊断方法、预防性疫苗和药物治疗来对抗病毒。1无可争辩的是，在 COVID-19 大流行之前很久，药物和疫苗创新和监管的多方面系统就出现了重大问题。2然而，这场大流行暴露了联邦资金、专利、产品审查和批准机制以及最终的医疗产品和由此产生的成本之间的密不可分的联系。