Periodontitis and related systemic inflammatory diseases are characterized by imbalanced ratio between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Probiotics may control inflammation by altering the inflammatory phenotype of defense cells. We aimed to evaluate the gene transcription of the antibacterial response of monocytes to exposure to probiotic lactobacilli. CD14 + monocytes were obtained by positive selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors (5 × 10⁴ CD14 + /mL) and cultured with probiotic strains of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR-32) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) at a 1:10 multiplicity of infection in 24-well plates for 12 h. The gene expression analysis was performed by RT-qPCR using the Kit RT² human antibacterial response, and in the supernatant, the cytokines were determined by ELISA. Tukey’s post hoc test following an ANOVA with a p value of 5% was used for statistical analysis. Both probiotic strains increased the levels of cytokines TNF-α and CXCL-8 in the supernatant compared to the control of non-challenged cells (p < 0.05), but for IL-1Β and IL-6, this effect was observed only for LA-5 (p < 0.05). The fold-regulation values for the following genes for LA-5 and LR-32 were, respectively, IL-12B (431.94 and 33.30), IL-1Β (76.73 and 17.14), TNF-α (94.63 and 2.49), CXCL-8 (89.59 and 4.18), and TLR-2 (49.68 and 3.40). Likewise, most of the other genes evaluated showed greater expression for LA-5 compared to LR-32 (p < 0.05). The positive regulation of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β promoted by L. acidophilus LA-5 may increase the antibacterial activity of innate defense in periodontal tissues. However, this property may be deleterious by increasing inflammatory response.

牙周炎和相关的全身炎症性疾病的特点是促炎因子和抗炎因子之间的比例失衡。益生菌可以通过改变防御细胞的炎症表型来控制炎症。我们的目的是评估单核细胞对暴露于益生菌乳酸杆菌的抗菌反应的基因转录。^{CD14+ 单核细胞由健康供体外周血单核细胞（5×10 4} CD14+ /mL）正选获得，与鼠李糖乳杆菌（LR-32）和嗜酸乳杆菌（LA-5）益生菌菌株以1倍率培养：24 孔板中 10 倍的感染 12 小时。使用 Kit RT ^{2通过 RT-qPCR 进行基因表达分析}人类抗菌反应，并在上清液中，通过 ELISA 测定细胞因子。在p值为 5% 的 ANOVA 之后使用Tukey 的事后检验进行统计分析。与未攻击细胞的对照相比，两种益生菌菌株都增加了上清液中细胞因子 TNF-α 和 CXCL-8 的水平 ( p  < 0.05)，但对于 IL-1β 和 IL-6，这种效应仅在 LA 中观察到-5（p  < 0.05）。以下 LA-5 和 LR-32 基因的倍数调节值分别为 IL-12B（431.94 和 33.30）、IL-1B（76.73 和 17.14）、TNF-α（94.63 和 2.49）、CXCL- 8（89.59 和 4.18）和 TLR-2（49.68 和 3.40）。同样，与 LR-32 相比，评估的大多数其他基因显示 LA-5 的表达更高（p < 0.05)。嗜酸乳杆菌LA-5促进的炎症因子如 IL-1β 的正调节可能增加牙周组织先天防御的抗菌活性。然而，这种特性可能会增加炎症反应，从而产生有害影响。