The research on human gut microbiome, regarded as the black box of the human body, is still at the stage of infancy as the functional properties of the complex gut microbiome have not yet been understood. Ongoing metagenomic studies have deciphered that the predominant microbial communities belong to eubacterial phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and archaebacterial phylum Euryarchaeota. The indigenous commensal microbial flora prevents opportunistic pathogenic infection and play undeniable roles in digestion, metabolite and signaling molecule production and controlling host's cellular health, immunity and neuropsychiatric behavior. Besides maintaining intestinal health via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, gut microbes also aid in neuro-immuno-endocrine modulatory molecule production, immune cell differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism. Interdependence of diet and intestinal microbial diversity suggests the effectiveness of pre- and pro-biotics in maintenance of gut and systemic health. Several companies worldwide have started potentially exploiting the microbial contribution to human health and have translated their use in disease management and therapeutic applications. The present review discusses the vast diversity of microorganisms playing intricate roles in human metabolism. The contribution of the intestinal microbiota to regulate systemic activities including gut-brain-immunity crosstalk has been focused. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to collate and discuss the companies worldwide translating the multi-therapeutic potential of human intestinal microbiota, based on the multi-omics studies, i.e. metagenomics and metabolomics, as ready solutions for several metabolic and systemic disorders.

中文翻译：

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人类肠道微生物组的结构多样性、功能方面和未来的治疗应用。

人类肠道微生物组被视为人体的黑匣子，其研究仍处于起步阶段，因为复杂的肠道微生物组的功能特性尚未被了解。正在进行的宏基因组研究已阐明，主要微生物群落属于真细菌门厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门、蓝细菌门、疣微菌门和古细菌门广古菌门。本土共生微生物菌群可预防机会性病原体感染，并在消化、代谢和信号分子产生以及控制宿主的细胞健康、免疫和神经精神行为方面发挥不可否认的作用。除了通过产生短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 维持肠道健康外，肠道微生物还有助于神经免疫内分泌调节分子的产生、免疫细胞分化以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢。饮食和肠道微生物多样性的相互依赖性表明益生元和益生元在维持肠道和全身健康方面的有效性。世界各地的几家公司已经开始潜在地利用微生物对人类健康的贡献，并将其应用于疾病管理和治疗应用。本综述讨论了在人类新陈代谢中发挥复杂作用的微生物的多样性。肠道微生物群对调节系统活动（包括肠-脑-免疫串扰）的贡献一直受到关注。据我们所知，这篇综述是第一篇基于多组学研究（即宏基因组学和代谢组学）来整理和讨论全球范围内转化人类肠道微生物群多重治疗潜力的公司的综述，作为现成的解决方案一些代谢和全身性疾病。