Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a direct fiber writing sub-technique derived from traditional electrospinning (TES) by reducing the air gap distance to the magnitude of millimeters. In this paper, we demonstrate a NFES device designed from a commercial 3D printer to semi-stably write polydioxanone (PDO) microfibers. The print head was then programmed to translate in a stacking grid pattern, which resulted in a scaffold with highly aligned grid fibers that were intercalated with low density, random fibers. As the switching process can be considered random, increasing the grid size results in both a lower density of fibers in the center of each grid cell as well as a lower density of ‘rebar-like’ stacked fibers. These scaffolds resulted in tailorable as well as greater surface pore sizes as given by scanning electron micrographs and 3D permeability as indicated by fluorescent microsphere filtration compared to TES scaffolds of the same fiber diameter. Furthermore, ultimate tensile strength, percent elongation, yield stress, yield elongation, and Young’s modulus were all tailorable compared to the static TES scaffold characterization. Lastly, the innate immune response of neutrophil extracellular traps was attenuated on NFES scaffolds compared to TES scaffolds. These results suggest that this novel NFES scaffold architecture of PDO can be highly tailored as a function of programming for a variety of biomedical and tissue engineering applications.

近场静电纺丝 (NFES) 是一种源自传统静电纺丝 (TES) 的直接纤维写入子技术，通过将气隙距离减小到毫米的数量级。在本文中，我们展示了一种由商用 3D 打印机设计的 NFES 设备，用于半稳定地写入聚二恶烷酮 (PDO) 微纤维。然后将打印头编程为以堆叠网格模式平移，从而形成具有高度对齐的网格纤维的支架，其中插入低密度的随机纤维。由于切换过程可以被认为是随机的，因此增加网格尺寸会导致每个网格单元中心的纤维密度降低以及“钢筋状”堆叠纤维的密度降低。与相同纤维直径的 TES 支架相比，这些支架产生了可定制的以及更大的表面孔径（如扫描电子显微照片所示）和 3D 渗透性（如荧光微球过滤所示）。此外，与静态 TES 支架表征相比，极限拉伸强度、伸长率、屈服应力、屈服伸长率和杨氏模量都是可定制的。最后，与 TES 支架相比，NFES 支架上的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的先天免疫反应减弱。这些结果表明，这种新型的 PDO NFES 支架结构可以根据各种生物医学和组织工程应用的编程功能进行高度定制。此外，与静态 TES 支架表征相比，极限拉伸强度、伸长率、屈服应力、屈服伸长率和杨氏模量都是可定制的。最后，与 TES 支架相比，NFES 支架上的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的先天免疫反应减弱。这些结果表明，这种新型的 PDO NFES 支架结构可以根据各种生物医学和组织工程应用的编程功能进行高度定制。此外，与静态 TES 支架表征相比，极限拉伸强度、伸长率、屈服应力、屈服伸长率和杨氏模量都是可定制的。最后，与 TES 支架相比，NFES 支架上的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的先天免疫反应减弱。这些结果表明，这种新型的 PDO NFES 支架结构可以根据各种生物医学和组织工程应用的编程功能进行高度定制。