Plant tissue culture holds immense potential for the production of secondary metabolites with various physiological functions. We recently established a plant tissue culture system capable of producing secondary metabolites from Aster yomena. This study aimed to uncover the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of Aster yomena callus pellet extract (AYC-P-E) on photoaging-induced skin pigmentation. Excessive melanogenesis was induced in B16F10 melanoma cells using α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The effects of AYC-P-E treatment on melanin biosynthesis inducers and melanin synthesis inhibition were assessed. Based on the results, a clinical study was conducted in subjects with skin pigmentation. AYC-P-E inhibited melanogenesis in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells, accompanied by decreased mRNA and protein expression of melanin biosynthesis inducers, including cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. This anti-melanogenic effect was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Treatment of subjects with skin pigmentation with AYC-P-E-containing cream formulations resulted in 3.33%, 7.06%, and 8.68% improvement in the melanin levels at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. Our findings suggest that AYC-P-E inhibits excessive melanogenesis by activating MEK/ERK and AKT signaling, potentiating its cosmetic applications in hyperpigmentation treatment.

中文翻译：

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紫菀愈伤组织颗粒提取物对黑色素瘤细胞和皮肤色素沉着患者黑色素生成的抑制作用

植物组织培养在生产具有各种生理功能的次生代谢物方面具有巨大的潜力。我们最近建立了一个植物组织培养系统，能够从Aster yomena中产生次生代谢物。本研究旨在揭示紫菀潜在治疗作用的机制愈伤组织颗粒提取物（AYC-PE）对光老化引起的皮肤色素沉着。使用 α-黑素细胞刺激激素 (α-MSH) 在 B16F10 黑素瘤细胞中诱导过度的黑素生成。评估了 AYC-PE 治疗对黑色素生物合成诱导剂和黑色素合成抑制的影响。根据结果​​，对皮肤色素沉着的受试者进行了临床研究。AYC-PE 抑制 α-MSH 处理的 B16F10 细胞中的黑色素生成，伴随黑色素生物合成诱导剂的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达降低，包括环 AMP 反应元件结合蛋白 (CREB)、酪氨酸酶、小眼相关转录因子 (MITF)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白 1 (TRP-1) 和 TRP-2。这种抗黑色素生成作用是由丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MEK) 介导的/细胞外信号调节激酶 (ERK) 和蛋白激酶 B (AKT) 磷酸化。用含有 AYC-PE 的乳膏制剂治疗皮肤色素沉着的受试者在第 2、4 和 8 周时，黑色素水平分别提高了 3.33%、7.06% 和 8.68%。我们的研究结果表明，AYC-PE 通过激活 MEK/ERK 和 AKT 信号传导来抑制过度的黑色素生成，增强其在色素沉着过度治疗中的美容应用。