Constipation is a common problem encountered in the pediatric setting. For many children, constipation is functional in nature-potentially stemming from a pattern of stool output that is infrequent or not fully productive (ie, incomplete stool evacuation)-and includes behavioral concerns like stool withholding. In many cases of functional constipation (FC), the pattern may have started in the toddler years during or before toilet training and may now be well established. Additional factors often include inadequate fluids and fiber, or excess dietary dairy or carbohydrates. In a small percentage of cases, constipation is a symptom of an underlying organic disease process. Laboratory tests and imaging may be helpful in determining most organic concerns. In the absence of an organic process, FC can be treated by properly educating families about the nature of FC as well as careful attention to dietary fiber and fluid intake, use of stool softeners, laxatives, and behavioral modifications. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(8):e320-e324.].

中文翻译：

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儿科便秘：临床回顾。

便秘是儿科环境中遇到的常见问题。对于许多儿童来说，便秘在本质上是功能性的——可能源于不经常或不完全排便的排便模式（即排便不完全）——并且包括排便等行为问题。在许多功能性便秘 (FC) 的情况下，这种模式可能在幼儿时期在如厕训练期间或之前开始，现在可能已经很好地建立起来。其他因素通常包括液体和纤维不足，或膳食乳制品或碳水化合物过多。在少数情况下，便秘是潜在器质性疾病过程的症状。实验室检查和成像可能有助于确定大多数器质性问题。在没有有机过程的情况下，FC 可以通过正确教育家庭有关 FC 的性质以及仔细注意膳食纤维和液体摄入、使用大便软化剂、泻药和行为改变来治疗。[小儿安。2021;50(8):e320-e324.]。