Perinatal hepatitis B (HepB) infection is a serious condition in the pediatric population, with up to 90% of exposed infants progressing to chronic infection. The cornerstone of prevention is the birth dose of the HepB vaccine. In 2018, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices updated their guidelines for the birth dose of the HepB vaccine. These new guidelines included a refined timeline on when the HepB vaccine should be given, including for infants born to women with known HepB infection, unknown HepB status, and universal guidelines regardless of maternal HepB status. However, despite these guidelines, up to 25% of infants do not receive the birth dose of HepB vaccine. Individual provider commitment to administration of the vaccine remains fundamental, but institutional policies also have significant influence in ensuring appropriate vaccine administration for infants. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(8):e343-e347.].

中文翻译：

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新生儿期的乙型肝炎疫苗拒绝。

围产期乙型肝炎 (HepB) 感染是儿科人群中的一种严重疾病，高达 90% 的暴露婴儿会发展为慢性感染。预防的基石是 HepB 疫苗的出生剂量。2018 年，免疫实践咨询委员会更新了他们的 HepB 疫苗出生剂量指南。这些新指南包括关于何时应该给予 HepB 疫苗的细化时间表，包括对于已知 HepB 感染、未知 HepB 状态的妇女所生的婴儿，以及无论母亲 HepB 状态如何的通用指南。然而，尽管有这些指导方针，仍有多达 25% 的婴儿没有接种出生时的 HepB 疫苗。个体提供者对疫苗管理的承诺仍然是基本的，但制度政策在确保为婴儿适当接种疫苗方面也具有重要影响。[小儿安。2021;50(8):e343-e347.]。