This work reviews nuclear compartments, defined broadly to include distinct nuclear structures, bodies, and chromosome domains. It first summarizes original cytological observations before comparing concepts of nuclear compartments emerging from microscopy versus genomic approaches and then introducing new multiplexed imaging approaches that promise in the future to meld both approaches. I discuss how previous models of radial distribution of chromosomes or the binary division of the genome into A and B compartments are now being refined by the recognition of more complex nuclear compartmentalization. The poorly understood question of how these nuclear compartments are established and maintained is then discussed, including through the modern perspective of phase separation, before moving on to address possible functions of nuclear compartments, using the possible role of nuclear speckles in modulating gene expression as an example. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of future questions for this field.

中文翻译：

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核隔室：与核结构相关的核隔室、身体和基因组组织的不完整入门


这项工作回顾了核区室，其广泛定义包括不同的核结构、核体和染色体结构域。它首先总结了原始的细胞学观察结果，然后比较显微镜与基因组方法中出现的核区室的概念，然后引入新的多重成像方法，这些方法有望在未来融合这两种方法。我讨论了以前的染色体径向分布模型或基因组二元划分为 A 和 B 区室的模型现在如何通过认识到更复杂的核区室化而得到改进。然后讨论了人们对这些核区室如何建立和维持知之甚少的问题，包括通过相分离的现代视角，然后继续讨论核区室的可能功能，利用核斑点在调节基因表达中的可能作用作为例子。最后，评论以对该领域未来问题的讨论结束。